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The ability to view the tire footprint and simultaneously to measure the tire-to-road surface interface forces is essential to the investigation of parameters affecting high-speed passenger tire performance on wet surfaces. The tire is photographed from below through a glass plate; the tire-to-road surface inter-face forces are recorded for various combinations of tire types, inflations, loads, wear conditions, water depth, and vehicle velocity as the tire passes over a triaxial force pin. The facility and test method are described for the evaluation of pneumatic tires at all modes of operation: free rolling, sliding, and free rolling with a slip angle. An empirical equation is given to estimate the hydroplaning speed of a passenger tire on a smooth surface in a single mode (free-rolling) of operation. The parameters that affect tire hydroplaning are discussed as are some of the conditions that may influence the method of test.

Flotation tires on all-terrain vehicles (ATV) are an essential component for good, overall off-the-road mobility. Water displacement by the large volume tires provide additional buoyancy for amphibious vehicles. The large contact area of the deflected tire provides low ground pressure for flotation on soft ground. ATV tires are a special breed of tires with design features for better mobility such as carcass flexibility, wide tire section, and special tread design.

In the rubber industry, and specifically with respect to rubber pneumatic tires, the racing tire and its design serve as an advanced-planning tool for passenger tire design, which has been influenced greatly by it. This paper discusses the characteristics of racing tires, their requirements, and design, and describes certain of their features that have been adopted in passenger car tires.

Rear tractor tire selection must be based on a number of considerations including: 1. Field service requirements. 2. Tire dimensions. 3. Load carrying capacity. 4. Torque requirements. 5. Use of proper rim. An in depth study of these features is followed by a discussion of the requirements for proper care and servicing of rear tractor tires stressing the importance of: 1. Maintenance of specified load/inflation relationship. 2. Not overdeflecting tires. 3. Not subjecting tire to excessive torque which may result in: a. Sidewall buckling. b. Rim slippage. Changes in farming equipment and techniques have affected tire requirements and performance parameters. Proper selection, care, and servicing is required to provide satisfactory rear tractor tire life and performance on modern equipment.

Since the introduction of cotton cords in tires, reinforcing materials have played a major role in tire technology advancement. Today specialty fibers with specific material properties are used to engineer tire products. The desired fiber properties for radial tire carcass, radial tire belt, and bias carcass tire are discussed. The application of the most recent tire fiber, aramid, and the resultant tire performance is presented.

Demands of the earthmoving industry for indepth tire knowledge and performance capabilities has placed increased responsibility on the tire manufacturer for establishing operating limits. The challenge of meeting these demands has resulted in an increasing amount of controlled tire testing conducted under simulated field conditions. One of the areas of required information has been for the establishment of Dozer and Loader tire capabilities when operating in Load and Carry service. Since tire heat becomes a major potential problem in Load and Carry service, a method was required to determine the performance capabilities of Dozer and Loader tires so that optimum tire life could be achieved. This paper covers the need for tire limits; basic Dozer and Loader tire design requirements; the method established for determining tire capabilities in Load and Carry service, and finally the factors differentiating this rating system from the TMPH system which is used for transport type vehicles.

Tire rolling resistance is one of tire performance indicator that represents a force needed to maintain the constant rolling of a tire. There are quite few methods and standards to measure tire rolling resistance, such as ISO-28585, ISO-18164, SAE-J1269, SAE-J2452, …. These tests have been used by tire companies, vehicle manufactures, and government agencies to evaluate tire rolling resistance performance. SAE-J1269 and SAE-J2452 are two popularly used multi-condition rolling resistance tests for passenger and light truck tires. Examining the test conditions and procedures of these two test standards showed that some key procedures and conditions from both standards are similar although there are many difference as well. The study presented here is to analyze test results from both tests and their correlation under certain conditions. If the correlation exists, one test may provide test results for both test conditions, therefore, test efficiency can be improved.