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Concerns over greenhouse gas emissions are driving governments and the automotive industry to seek out ways of reducing vehicle CO₂ emissions. Engine friction reduction is one means of reducing CO₂ emissions, through fuel consumption improvements. One area where it is felt that friction reduction is possible is in connection with the camshaft bearings. Mahle has conducted experimental evaluation of rolling element bearings used to support camshafts, replacing the standard plain journal bearings. The aim of the testing was to gain an understanding of the durability of rolling element bearings, tested in a range of different operating conditions. The controlled test conditions included variations to: - Camshaft speed, - Oil temperature, - Oil age/specification, - Oil supply method/flowrate, - Bearing journal line bore misalignment tolerance, and - Bearing journal diametrical tolerance.