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This study introduces new concepts in the function and placement of membrane based water treatment processes in Exploration Life Support (ELS) System design. These differences are in both form and function and have the potential to radically alter the current paradigms of thought within the ELS research community with regards to the limitations of conventional membrane water treatment. More importantly, they have the potential to change the placement of water processing by quite literally moving it “out of the box”, or in the case of ELS, the standard rack volume. Two possible systems, extremely small scale personal urine treatment and recycle (CEV Lightweight Contingency Water Treatment) and a similar but scaled up habitat wall embedded membrane water treatment pouch, are used to demonstrate the concepts involved.