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Journal Article

Estimation of Oil Supply Time during Engine Start-Up at Very Low Temperatures

2016-04-05
2016-01-0893
The adequate lubrication of engine parts is critical for the engine durability, and insufficient oil supply to various friction areas might result in catastrophic engine failure. However, when the environment temperatures are very low, the presence of oil between friction surfaces may be significantly delayed, especially during the engine start-up after a longer period of time when the vehicle was not driven. The capability of the oil pump to transport oil within the engine depends on the low-temperature rheological properties of oil, as well as the geometry of the passages. There are testing methods that estimate the ability of an oil to provide lubrication at low temperatures by measuring the yield stress and viscosity in controlled conditions (ASTM D4684, D5293, D5133), but they provide limited data generally used as a guideline for the selection of an appropriate oil.
Technical Paper

Utilization of Finite Element Analysis to Develop Automotive Components

2010-10-06
2010-36-0004
The finite element method (FEM) is used daily in the automotive industry for such purposes as reducing the time of product development and improving the design based on analysis results, followed by later validation by tests in the laboratory and on the proving ground. This paper will present some of the methodology used to develop automotive components by finite element analysis, including procedures to specialize FEM models to obtain quantitative and qualitative results for systems such as body, chassis, and suspension components, as well as validation of the models by experimental data.
Technical Paper

Performance Characterization and Modeling of Shim Stack Assemblies in Vehicle Shock Absorbers

2010-10-05
2010-01-1904
A detailed study of the effects of shim stack assemblies on performance of hydraulic mono-tube vehicle shock absorbers is presented. Currently, shim stacks are modeled as blow-off valves in hydraulic models of shock absorbers. Using this simplification, important material and geometrical properties of shim stacks cannot be studied and their effects cannot be understood on overall damper performance. In this paper, shim stack deflection is investigated and a mathematical model is presented for shim stack deflection. This model is then incorporated into the mathematical model of a hydraulic damper and various properties of shim stack and their effects on damper characteristics are studied. Energy and variational methods were used to develop the mathematical model of the shim stack. The mathematical model also takes into account the sliding effects of the shims on each other when the shim stack is deflected.
Technical Paper

Camless Engine

1996-02-01
960581
An experimental engine with an electrohydraulic camless valvetrain, capable of total valve motion control, was built at Ford Research Laboratory. The system uses neither cams, nor springs, which reduces the engine height and weight. Hydraulic force both opens and closes the valves. During the valve acceleration, potential energy of compressed fluid is converted into kinetic energy of the valve. During deceleration, the energy of the valve motion is returned to the fluid. Recuperation of kinetic energy is the key to the low energy consumption. The system offers a continuously variable and independent control of virtually all parameters of valve motion. This permits optimization of valve events for each operating condition without any compromise.
Technical Paper

Real Time Bearing Defect Classification Using Time Domain Analysis and Deep Learning Algorithms

2023-04-11
2023-01-0096
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), especially in the field of rotary machinery diagnosis, plays a crucial role in determining the defect category as well as its intensity in a machine element. This paper proposes a new framework for real-time classification of structural defects in a roller bearing test rig using time domain-based classification algorithms. Along with the bearing defects, the effect of eccentric shaft loading has also been analyzed. The entire system comprises of three modules: sensor module – using accelerometers for data collection, data processing module – using time-domain based signal processing algorithms for feature extraction, and classification module – comprising of deep learning algorithms for classifying between different structural defects occurring within the inner and outer race of the bearing.
Technical Paper

Fuel Permeation Study on Various Seal Materials

2000-03-06
2000-01-1099
The advent of low emission regulations on fuel systems has made conventional sealing materials such as acry-lonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) unfit for sealing most fuel systems. Therefore, it is imperative to look beyond conventional rubbers and towards more exotic materials to seal such applications. In this study, the permeation characteristics and the change in physical properties of several elastomeric materials (NBR, hydrogenated NBR (HNBR), and fluorocarbon elastomers (FKM)) as well as various poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) composites were evaluated with four different fuel mixtures. The sealing materials were tested using vaporimeter cups. The results are discussed as a function of the materials' nature, composition, and filler content.
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