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Due to the limited energy resources as well as due to increasing CO2-emissions the importance of alternative- and biogene fuels increases continuously. Investigations of the engine operation were performed on a latest technology Liebherr engine for construction machines, which was operated using crude rapseed oil (ROR), rapseed methyl ester (RME) and synthetic Gas-To-Liquid fuel (GTL) without any change of ECU setting. On this occasion the combustion diagnostics, behaviour of the injection system and the pollutant emissions, including the unlimited nano-particles were especially assessed. For injection (with this unit pumps system) it can be stated, that ROR and a little bit less RME shorten the injection lag and increase the maximum injection pressure. At higher engine load this causes the 50% heat release a little earlier (1-2°CA) and as consequence higher NOx and lower specific energy consumption.