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High bandwidth transient data from a multi-cylinder diesel engine operating in a low temperature combustion regime was analyzed to identify and characterize the transient response behaviors primarily responsible for transient emissions of NO and UHC. Numerous different speed and load transients as well as different combustion modes and control strategies were studied to determine how these parameters affect transient performance. Limitations in the transient response of the air system were found to be the largest contributor to transient emissions, although the mechanism by which these limitations affect performance can vary greatly depending on conditions. Analysis of the data shows that transient emissions for low temperature combustion strategies are highly dependent on cycle-to-cycle changes in intake charge conditions. No fundamental difference was observed between the transient processes controlling speed and load changes.

EGR flow rate measurements on production engines are commonly made using orifices or flow nozzles. These devices increase the exhaust pressure resulting in an increase in fuel consumption. Further, they are accurate and recommended only for steady state flow, and not pulsating flow encountered in engines. In this work measurements made at the EGR cooler, such as the pressure drop across it and the inlet and outlet temperatures, have been examined for their ability to predict mass flow rate through the cooler. Direct measurements of pulsating flow through an EGR cooler were made by routing all of the engine exhaust flow through the cooler while making accurate measurements of the air and fuel flowing into the engine. Based on dimensional arguments, the flow resistance of the EGR cooler was characterized by a loss coefficient within the standard head loss energy equation.