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The CDIF Family of Standards is primarily designed to be used as a description of a mechanism for transferring information between CASE tools. It facilitates a successful transfer when the authors of the importing and exporting tools have nothing in common except an agreement to conform to CDIF. The language that is defined for the Transfer Format also has applicability as a general language for Import/Export from repositories. The CDIF Integrated Meta-model defined for CASE also has applicability as the basis of standard definitions for use in repositories. The standards which form the complete family of CDIF Standards are documented in EIA/IS-106 CDIF - CASE Data Interchange Format - Overview. These standards cover the overall framework, the transfer format and the CDIF Integrated Meta-model. The diagram in Figure 1 depicts the various standards that comprise the CDIF Family of Standards. The shaded box depicts this Standard and its position in the CDIF Family of Standards.

Prior technical work by various OEMs and lubricant formulators has identified lubricant-derived phosphorus as a key element capable of significantly reducing the efficiency of modern emissions control systems of gasoline-powered vehicles ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ). However, measuring the exact magnitude of the detriment is not simple or straightforward exercise due to the many other sources of variation which occur as a vehicle is driven and the catalyst is aged ( 1 ). This paper, the second one in the series of publications, examines quantitative sets of results generated using various vehicle and exhaust catalyst testing methodologies designed to follow the path of lubricant-derived phosphorous transfer from oil sump to exhaust catalytic systems ( 1 ).

An aerodynamic analysis methodology which makes efficient use of ANSA and FLUENT software's in the aerodynamic design of tractor-trailer class heavy commercial road vehicles is presented. The aerodynamic drag coefficient of the truck is used as the main control parameter to evaluate the performance of the methodology. Analysis methodology development activities include determining optimal FLUENT software analysis parameters for the defined problem (RANS based turbulence models, wall boundary layer models, solution schemes) and the necessary ANSA mesh generation parameters (boundary layer number and growth rate, wall surface mesh resolution, total mesh resolution). Proposed methodology is first constructed based on CFD simulations for the zero-degree yaw angle case of the 1/8 sized GCM geometry. The present results are within 1% of the experimental data.

Nowadays, E- commerce and logistics business model is booming in India with road transport as a major mode of delivery system using containers. As competition in such business are on rise, different ways of improving profit margins are being continuously evolved. One such scenario is to look at reducing transportation cost while reducing fuel consumption. Traditionally, aero dynamics of commercial vehicles have never been in focus during their product development although literature shows major part of total fuel energy is consumed in overcoming aerodynamic drag at and above 60 kmph in case of large commercial vehicle. Hence improving vehicle exterior aerodynamic performance gives opportunity to reduce fuel consumption and thereby business profitability. Also byproduct of this improvement is reduced emissions and meeting regulatory requirements.

This SAE document provides the minimum requirements for a 13-conductor cable plug and receptacle to support the 13-conductor jumper cable between the towing vehicle and trailer. The document also includes the test procedures, design and performance requirements for the plug and receptacle. This document shall be used in conjunction with SAE J3284. The specified 13-conductor plug and receptacle would be totally interchangeable with the current SAE J560 primary plug and receptacle, plus provide an additional 6 conductors for use in trailers incorporating advanced electronics or multivoltage applications. New tractors designed with the 13 conductor receptacle and 13 conductor tractor to trailer cable and plug assembly, would be compatible with old trailers (7 conductor receptacle) and new trailers (13 conductor receptacle).

This SAE standard establishes the minimum construction and performance requirements for a combination cable consisting of 9 conductors and 2 twisted pairs for use on trucks, trailers, and dollies. The cable includes power, ground and 2 jacketed/unshielded twisted paired signal circuits. This standard will be used in conjunction with the SAEJ XXXX “13 Conductor Electrical Connector (Plug and Receptacle) between Towing Vehicle and Trailer”. The standard will also include the test procedures, design and performance requirements for the cable.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains methods used to measure the optical performance of airborne binocular Head Up Displays (HUDs). This document covers methods for conformal and non-conformal HUD systems that are intended for use in the cockpit by the pilot or copilot. The focus of this document is on displays that generate the HUD information using a cathode ray tube (CRT), however, the majority of the methods can be applied to other display technologies. These measurement methods are provided for testing to the requirements of AS8055. This document does not address measurement methods for sensor imaging systems, or displays worn by the pilot (goggles, helmet mounted displays).

Since 2011, ROD Ltd. and Boggi srl have started to cooperate in the field of airborne platform safety through the development and the integration of an innovative radar system, based on the radar system patented by in 2009 [1]. ROD Ltd. is a startup company, created in 2011, in order to commercialize an innovative Obstacle and Terrain Avoidance Sensor concept (OTAS™). Boggi srl is an EASA DOA (21.J.453) [2] that has developed the capability of designing and certifying aerospace components from small changes to complex systems such as Remotely Piloted Air System (RPAS) or mission avionic. The direct experience of the operators in general aviation has shown that a number of accidents occur because of collisions with obstacles and, especially, but not only, with cables. During the years of 1997-2009, a total of 996 reported aviation accidents/collisions involving wires/power lines occurred in the United States. Of the 996 accidents, 301 involved at least one fatality [3].

Long haul tractor design in the future will be challenged by freight efficiency standards and emission legislations. Along with any improvements in aerodynamics, this will also require additional cooling capacity to handle the increased heat rejection from next generation engines, waste heat recovery and exhaust gas recirculation systems. Fan engagement will also have to be minimized under highway conditions to maximize fuel economy. These seemingly contradictory requirements will require design optimization via analysis techniques capable of predicting both the aerodynamic drag and engine cooling airflow accurately. This study builds on previous work [1] using a Lattice Boltzmann based computational method on a Volvo VNL tractor trailer combination. Simulation results are compared to tests conducted at National Research Council (NRC) Canada's wind tunnel.

Constantly lowering emissions legislation and the fact that fuel prices have increased tremendously over recent years, have forced vehicle manufacturers to develop more and more energy-efficient vehicles. The aerodynamic drag is responsible for a substantial part of the total driving resistance for a vehicle, especially at higher velocities; thus it is important to reduce this factor as much as possible for vehicles commonly operating in these conditions. In an attempt to improve transport efficiency, longer vehicle combinations are becoming more common. By replacing some of the shorter vehicle combinations with longer combinations, the same amount of cargo can be transported with fewer vehicles; hence there is large potential for fuel savings. The knowledge of the aerodynamic properties of such vehicles is somewhat limited, and therefore interesting to study.

Although windshear has been an atmospheric phenomenon since the beginning of time, the extent to which windshear presents a hazard to air carrier aircraft has been acknowledged only during the past 15 years. Since 1970, the Safety Board has identified a low altitude encounter with windshear as a cause or contributing factor in 13 accidents involving transport category airplanes. Seven of these accidents were fatal and accounted for 575 deaths. The circumstances of those accidents which exemplify the hazards to aircraft during approach and departure through low altitude windshear are discussed as are recommendations of the Safety Board for preventing these accidents, and the Safety Board's continuing concerns about the hazard.

Runway overruns following high speed rejected takeoffs (RTOs) have resulted and continue to result in airplane incidents and accidents. Although most high speed RTOs are executed without incident, the potential for an incident or an accident remains high. Since 1988 for example, four high speed RTO incidents and accidents occurred, two of which resulted in destroyed airplanes and one of those, fatalities. In response to the RTO incidents and accidents, the National Transportation Safety Board issued a Special Investigation Report which examined training and procedures used in the recognition of the need for and the execution of high speed RTOs. This report examines the pilot decision-making aspects of initiating and executing an RTO that were found in the Special Investigation. It discusses the deficiencies found in pilot training and procedures as well as recommendations offered to address those deficiencies.

This paper discusses the transfer of engineering analytical technology between the automobile and aerospace industries. The role of predictive analysis within both industries is addressed, with a particular emphasis on secondary safety. The use of non linear computer analysis techniques is discussed with particular reference to an accident involving a Boeing 737-400 in the UK in 1989. The accident resulted in the author's organisation performing correlated injury studies by occupant kinematic analysis, which are described in outline.

Human activity in microgravity environments place flight crews at risk to injury that may require surgical triage and care. Current protocols developed to handle surgical care in microgravity are derived from earth based wound care techniques. Fluid and debris containment, spacecraft environmental contamination and expediency of wound care in microgravity remain as significant obstacles. For space based surgery, lasers may allow procedures for rapid stabilization of emergency or traumatic injuries, surgical fluid control, hemostasis and reduce contamination of the aircraft environment. The purpose of this paper is to outline the basic concept of laser surgery in an aviation and microgravity environment using carbon dioxide, neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (ND:YAG), KTP and Excimer laser incisions within high altitude, military, aviation and microgravity aviation environments.