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As the US is getting ready for the Next Generation (NextGen) of Air Traffic System, there is a growing concern that the current techniques for verification and validation will not be adequate for the changes to come. The JPDO (in charge of implementing NextGen) has given NASA a mandate to address the problem and it resulted in the formulation of the V&V of Flight-Critical Systems effort. This research effort is divided into four themes: argument-based safety assurance, distributed systems, authority and autonomy, and, software intensive systems. This paper presents an overview of the technologies that will address the problem.

A study on Hygiene in long duration space missions was held between 1988-1989 for ESA Long Term Programme Office (1), (2). The impact of Hygiene on station contamination and station layout was reviewed as well as psychological, social and cultural aspects, leading to the conclusion that hygiene is a key habitability issue. Among its main results, the study highlighted the importance of water in both environmental and personal hygiene: the use of water in body hygiene is culturally and socially established. As a consequence, water was found as the main consumable in hygiene functions. Thus, due to the limited water availability in space stations, particular attention was paid to on board water management. Simulation software was developed to demonstrate the relation between hygiene subsystems concepts and water requirements. The software was designed as a tool. Parameters allow to define various mission profiles.

This paper summarizes the Power, Avionics and Software (PAS) 1.0 subsystem integration testing and test results that occurred in August and September of 2013. This paper covers the capabilities of each PAS assembly to meet integration test objectives for non-safety critical, non-flight, non-human-rated hardware and software development. This test report is the outcome of the first integration of the PAS subsystem and is meant to provide data for subsequent designs, development and testing of the future PAS subsystems. The two main objectives were to assess the ability of the PAS assemblies' to exchange messages and to perform audio tests of both inbound and outbound channels. This paper describes each test performed, defines the test, the data, and provides conclusions and recommendations.