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This paper describes a study into the emissions performance of a passenger car running on natural gas and liquified petroleum gas. The gasoline engine was modified to allow the introduction of the alternative fuels into the engine. The effect of fuel system hardware on emissions was investigated. Modifications were carried out to the gasoline EMS to allow control of the alternative fuel systems. A number of changes were made to the gasoline calibration to allow operation on the alternative fuels. Emissions tests were conducted on commercial grade natural gas and liquid petroleum gas. The results were compared with gasoline emission results of an equivalent vehicle.

This paper describes a new architecture for a bi-fuel vehicle engine control system, which can reduce system cost while improving function. The proposed architecture uses a modified (dual parameter) PCM strategy to control operation on both fuels, with a simpler additional module to drive fuel injectors and interface to other alternative fuel components. It is shown that this architecture results in improved fuel control and lower tailpipe emissions compared to typical aftermarket systems. Impact on the development process and base vehicle wiring are minimized.