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This work regards the study of the effect of the fuel properties on the diesel engine emissions of particulate separated in soluble organic fraction (SOF) and soot. A Euro-4 engine was used operating at two engine conditions: 1500 rpm speed − 8% of maximum load and 2300 rpm − 13%. Model hydrocarbon fuels containing 100% of n-alkanes and iso-alkanes were used for studying the effect of cetane number. The effect of fuel composition on soot and SOF emissions was studied at a fixed cetane number (52) by using six fuels formulated with 90 vol% of model alkanes and iso-alkanes and 10 vol% of different components as alkylbenzenes, naphthenes (decaline), diaromatics (methylnaphthalene), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and highly paraffinic refinery streams (Fischer-Tropsch GtL and high-pressure Hydro cracking).

Nowadays, alcohol fuels are of increasing interest as alternative transportation biofuels even in compression ignition engines because they are oxygenated and producible in a sustainable way. In this paper, the experimental research activity was conducted on a single cylinder research engine provided with a modern architecture and properly modified in a dual-fuel (DF) configuration. Looking at ethanol the as one of the future environmental friendly biofuels experimental campaign was aimed to evaluate in detail the effect of the use of the ethanol as port injected fuel in diesel engine on the size, morphology, reactivity and chemical features of the exhaust emitted soot particles. The engine tests were chosen properly in order to represent actual working conditions of an automotive light-duty diesel engine. A proper engine Dual-Fuel calibration was set-up respecting prefixed limits on in-cylinder peak firing pressure, cylinder pressure rise, fuel efficiency and gaseous emissions.