Search Results

Torque Vectoring Control for distributed drive electric vehicle is studied. A handling improvement algorithm for normal cornering maneuvers is proposed based on state variable feedback control: Yaw rate feedback together with steer angle feedforward is employed to improve transient response and steady gain of the yaw rate, respectively. According to the feedback coefficient's influence on the transient response, an optimization function is proposed to obtain optimum feedback coefficients under different speeds. After maximum feedforward coefficients under different speeds are obtained from the constraint of the motor exterior characteristic, final feedforward coefficients are calculated according to an optimal steering characteristic. A torque distribution algorithm is presented to help the driver to speed up during the direct yaw moment control.

Prediction and analysis of the thermo-mechanical coupling behavior in friction braking system is very important for the design and application of vehicle brakes, such as brake judder, brake squeal, brake wear, brake cracks, brake fade. This paper aims to establish a macro-structural model of the thermo-mechanical dynamics of the ventilated disc brake with asymmetrical outer and inner disc thickness, taking into account the friction-velocity curve of the disc pad couple acquired by testing. On the basis of finite elements analysis of the model, the predictions of the thermo-mechanical responses of the brake disc are presented, including disc transient temperature field and normal stress in radial, circular and axial directions, disc lateral deformation and disc thickness variation. Numerical predictions of the disc surface temperature and later distortion are compared with experimental measurements obtained by thermocouples and non-contact displacement sensors.

An experimental study is presented on the evaporation of diluted droplet-laden two-phase jet flows within a heated air channel co-flow. In this study, n-heptane is pre-atomized by an ultrasonic nozzle to produce droplet cluster with a median diameter of about15μm, and a continuous cold air flow is applied to carry the fuel droplet cluster to emerge from a nozzle tube, producing a free turbulent jet of droplet stream. The droplet stream is then introduced as a central jet into a square-shaped channel with heated air co-flow for evaporation investigations. With flexibilities of the initial properties of droplet stream and surrounding conditions of channel flow, the axial evolution of droplet size is determined to characterize the evaporation behavior of n-heptane droplet stream under various boundary conditions. The equivalence ratios of droplet streams are varied by changing both the carrier-air flow rate and the fuel flow rate.

The vehicle system is actually a strongly nonlinear system with stochastic parameters. In this paper, the nonlinearities of suspension, tire and seat are analyzed, and the nonlinear dynamics model of driver-vehicle system with 8 degrees of freedom (DOFs) is built. The bifurcation and chaotic motion of the deterministic system under Sinusoid excitations considering the time delay between the front and rear tires are studied. Then, the stochastic feature of the equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients of suspension, tire and seat are assumed to be the normal distribution, and the nonlinear model with random parameters is obtained. The nonlinear dynamics of stochastic nonlinear driver-vehicle system is analyzed and compared through numerical simulation.

In this paper, a new method for determining the forming limit diagram (FLD) of thin sheet metals, called DIC-Grid method, is proposed based on digital image correlation (DIC) technique. It's assumed that there exists one virtual grid with an initial diameter of 2.5mm, which is usually the same dimension as the grid in traditional circular grid analysis, close to the crack of specimen, and the limit strain point on FLD is determined by the deformation of this virtual grid. The DIC-Grid method has been compared with traditional circular grid analysis and the standard ISO/FDIS 12004-2 in Nakajima tests. The results show that the forming limit strains obtained by the newly proposed method are more stable and precise. Furthermore, DIC-Grid method can avoid the measurement error which exists in the circular grid analysis. Meanwhile, it overcomes the shortcomings of time-consuming data processing and non-applicable for unrealistic strain distribution in the method of ISO standard.

The control in transient conditions when hydraulic brake and regenerative brake switch mutually is the key technical issue about electric vehicle hybrid brake system, which has a direct influence on the braking feel of driver and vehicle braking comfort. A coordination control system has been proposed, including brake force distribution correction module and motor force compensation module. Brake force distribution correction module has fixed the distribution results in hydraulic brake force intervention condition, hydraulic brake force evacuation condition and regenerative brake force low speed evacuation condition. Motor compensation module has compensated hydraulic system with motor system, which has fast and accurate response, thus the response of whole hybrid system has been improved.

Brake squeal shows a significant uncertainty characteristic. In this paper, a series of bench tests were carried out to study the uncertainty of brake squeal on a multi-function brake inertia dynamometer test bench. Then based on time-frequency analysis results, a creative squeal confirmation and determination method was presented, which can show the squeal variations in the domains of time, frequency and amplitude together. An uncertainty analysis method was also established, in which the statistical parameters of squeal frequency and sound pressure level (SPL), and probability density evaluation of frequency based on Quantile-Quantile Plot (QQ plot) were given. And a judgment method of the frequency doubling was devised based on numerical multiple and occurrence concurrence, as well as the uncertainty statistical analysis method considering frequency doubling. All the methods established were applied to the uncertainty analysis of brake squeal.

The undesired shifting phenomenon(USP) occurs easily under the braking or climbing conditions etc., and its impact is the discomfort to the passengers or cause of vehicle's state contrary to the driver's intention, meanwhile, the wear of the clutch and synchronizer is increased, so their lifetime are greatly shortened. To the vehicle with dual clutch transmission (DCT), undesired shifting phenomenon will lead to frequent and unnecessary actuation of synchronizer for the use of pre-engagement synchronizer in the shifting control; therefore, its occurrence should be eliminated as far as possible. In this paper, the process of the undesired shifting of the vehicle with DCT is elaborated, then the generating cause of USP is described based on directed graph.

Automatic lane change of intelligent vehicles is a complex process. Besides of safety, feelings of the driver and passengers during the lane change are also very important. In this paper, a lane change trajectory planner is designed to generate an ideal collision-free trajectory to satisfy the driver’s preference. Various lane changing modes, gentle lane change, general lane change, radical lane change and personalized lane change, are designed to meet the needs of different passengers on vehicles simultaneously. In this paper, the condition of the two-lane change is studied. One vehicle is in front of the ego vehicle at the same lane and one is at the rear of the ego vehicle at the target lane. A trajectory planning method is then established based on constant speed offset and sine curve, vehicle distances and speed difference, etc. The key factors which can reflect drivers’ lane change characteristics are then acquired.

In the hybrid brake system of electric vehicle, due to the limitation of the motor braking force when the motor is at high speed and the failure of the regenerative braking force when the motor is at low speed, there are three transitional conditions in hybrid braking: the hydraulic brake system intervenes the braking, the hydraulic brake system withdraws the braking and the regenerative braking force withdraws the braking. Due to the response speed of the hydraulic system is slower than that of the motor, there is a large braking impact (the derivative of braking deceleration) in the transitional conditions of hybrid braking, which deteriorates the smoothness and comfort in braking. Aiming at the impact caused by the poor cooperation between the hydraulic braking force and the motor braking force, a coordinated strategy of double closed-loop feedback and motor force correction is proposed in this paper.

In the process of ABS control, the Anti-lock braking system (ABS) of the vehicle adjusts the wheel cylinder brake pressure through the hydraulic actuator so as to control the movement of the wheel. The high-speed on-off valve (HSV) is the key components of the Anti-lock braking system. HSV affects the performance of the hydraulic actuator and the valve response characteristics affects the Anti-lock braking system pressure response as well as braking effect. In this paper, the electromagnetic field theory and flow field theory of HSV are analyzed, and simulation analysis of electromagnetic field characteristics of HSV is done by ANSYS. Combined with the ANSYS analysis results, a precise physical model of HSV is constructed in AMESim. Meanwhile, the valve response characteristics are analyzed. Moreover, the influence of different wheel cylinder diameter and PWM carrier frequency on hydraulic braking force characteristics are analyzed.

In order to establish the correlation between objective and subjective evaluation of brake pedal feel for passenger cars, road tests of brake pedal feel were carried out and an evaluation method was proposed. In the road tests, subjective scores and objective measurements were obtained under the conditions of uniform and emergency braking. The objective measurements include pedal preload, low deceleration pedal force and travel, moderate deceleration pedal force and travel, brake response time and brake linearity. Using the theory of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the design process of the evaluation method was established. Key setups including the hierarchical structure model, the judgement matrix and the score calculation method of objective measurements were described in detail. Then, the correlation between subjective and objective scores was analyzed. It can be concluded that the evaluation method is effective and it can be applied to brake pedal feel assessment and adjustment.

In order to explore the generation mechanism of hot-spots on the automotive brake disc, disc tests under non-frictional thermal loads are carried out on the brake dynamometer test bench. In the tests, the oxy-acetylene flame is used as the heat source, and the distribution characteristics of the disc temperature and displacement are measured and analyzed. To confirm the mechanism of the disc deformation, a disc thermal buckling model using finite element method is established, and the key factors for the disc thermal buckling under thermal loads are further analyzed. It is found that the temperature circumferential gradient is small but the temperature radial gradient is large. The disc presents waviness deformation mode with 5th order in circumferential direction, which is the first thermal buckling mode of the disc. A method using spatial frequency spectrum has been proposed to find the critical time and load of thermal buckling.

In this paper, by analyzing multiple electro-hydraulic brake system schemes in detail, the idea of dual-motor electro-hydraulic brake system is proposed. As a new solution, the dual-motor electro-hydraulic brake system can actively simulate pedal feel, make the most of pedal power (from the driver), and reduce the maximum power output of each active power source remarkably, which is a distinctive innovation compared to most current electro-hydraulic brake systems. Following the proposed concept, a general research thought and method is conceived, and then a dual-motor electro-hydraulic brake system is designed. Finally, the simulation model is set up in AMESim software and its feasibility is simulated and verified.

Disc brake squeal has always been a great challenge to the automotive industry. Based on the pin-on-disc system, a series of frictional squeal bench tests are carried out, which show significant time-varying characteristics on occurrence, sound pressure and frequency of frictional squeal. To investigate the generation mechanism of time-varying characteristics of frictional squeal, a four-degree-of-freedom (4DOF) lumped parameter model considering the time-varying tangential contact stiffness, the normal contact stiffness and the friction coefficient is established in this paper. Through both the system stability analysis and the transient response analysis, the time-varying frictional squeal is predicted successfully, and the generation mechanism and the key impact factors are also investigated in depth.

A novel compound power-split hybrid transmission based on a modified Ravigneaux gear set is presented. The equivalent lever diagrams are used to investigate the electric operating modes for the hybrid powertrain, and then its dynamic and kinematic characteristics as well as efficiency characteristics are described in equations. A brake clutch mounted on the carrier shaft is proposed to enhance the electric driving efficiency for the hybrid transmission. Three types of electric operating mode are analyzed by the simplified combined lever diagrams and the system efficiency and torque characteristics for these electric operating modes are compared. A major influence on output torque of the hybrid transmission derived from the torque capability of motors and brake clutch is depicted.

Brake pedal feel characteristic is determined by the structural and kinetic parameters of the components of the brake system. As the servo power component of the brake system, vacuum booster has a significant influence on the brake pedal feel. In this paper, a brake system model for brake pedal feel which has a detail vacuum booster mathematical description is established in the software MATLAB/Simulink. The structure gaps, spring preload, friction force and reaction disc characteristics of vacuum booster are considered in this model. A brake pedal feel bench test under different input velocity and vacuum pressure is completed in order to validate the prediction of the model.