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Biodiesel is an alternative, renewable, clean fuel, which can effectively reduce emissions from diesel engines. However, the effects of biodiesel on engine emissions vary due to the difference in source. In this paper, performance of five different biodiesels was studied: CME, SME, RME, PME and WME. Engine power, fuel consumption, gaseous emissions and PM, DS and none soot fraction (NSF) were investigated in a Cummins ISBe6 Euro III diesel engine fueled with five biodiesels respectively and compared with the diesel fuel. Results revealed that using different biodiesels resulted in PM reductions ranging from 53% to 69%, which included DS reduction ranging from 79% to 83%. Observations showed that fuel oxygen content and viscosity had obvious effects on DS. Higher oxygen content biodiesels produced less DS at high load while lower viscosity biodiesels produced less DS at low load.