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In order to evaluate the ventilation characteristics of car interior, a model experiment was performed. Part 1 deals with the air flow properties in a half-scale car model. In this paper, a trace gas experimental method equipped with Flame Ionization Detector (FID) systems is introduced to examine the local ventilation efficiency and inhaled air quality in the car, which was ventilated at a flow rate of 100 m3/h and kept in an isothermal environment of 28°C in the experiment. Here, ventilation efficiency was evaluated by means of the Scales for Ventilation Efficiencies (SVEs), and inhaled air quality in terms of the influences of passive smoke and foot odor was evaluated by means of the Contribution Ratio of Pollution source 1 (CRP1). Therefore, calculation methods using trace gas concentration values were suggested for these indices, which were proposed based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique.

Nearly all of the commonly used comfort predictors assume that the occupant is in a homogeneous environment, and are not fully effective in situations where this is not the case. In typical vehicle spaces, one commonly observes vertical temperature differences, radiant asymmetry, local air flows, and local body cooling. The purpose of this study is to describe a method for measuring non-uniform thermal environments using a new thermal manikin with controlled skin surface temperature. The manikin and its control logic are described, and an equivalent temperature based on the thermal manikin (teq) is proposed and discussed. To calibrate these methods, fundamental data were collected. For example, the clothed thermal manikin was tested in thermally non-uniform vehicle environments as created by solar radiation and HVAC system. The manikin-based equivalent temperature (teq) is shown to be effective at accounting for the effects of asymmetrical environmental conditions.