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Soot mass production was investigated in high-boosted diesel engine tests by changing various operating parameters. A mixed timescale subgrid model of large eddy simulation (LES) was applied to simulate the detailed mixture formation, combustion and soot formation influenced by turbulence in diesel engine combustion. The combustion model used a direct integration approach with an explicit ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver and additional parallelization by OpenMP. Soot mass production within a computation cell was determined from a phenomenological soot formation model developed by WASEDA University. The model was combined with the LES code and included the following important steps: particle inception, in which naphthalene was assumed to grow irreversibly to form soot; surface growth with the addition of C2H2; surface oxidation due to OH radicals and O2 attack; particle coagulation; and particle agglomeration.

The objective of the present research is to analyze the effects of using oxygenated fuels (FAMEs) on diesel engine combustion and emission (NOx and soot). We studied methyl oleate (MO), which is an oxygenated fuel representative of major constituents of many types of biodiesels. Engine tests and numerical simulations were performed for 100% MO (MO100), 40% MO blended with JIS#2 diesel (MO40) and JIS#2 diesel (D100). The effects of MO on diesel combustion and emission characteristics were studied under engine operating conditions typically encountered in passenger car diesel engines, focusing on important parameters such as pilot injection, injection pressure and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate. We used a diesel engine complying with the EURO4 emissions regulation, having a displacement of 2.2 L for passenger car applications. In engine tests comparing MO with diesel fuel, no effect on engine combustion pressure was observed for all conditions tested.