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The 1998 Consent Decrees between the settling heavy-duty diesel engine manufacturers and the United States Government require the engine manufacturer to perform in-use emissions testing to evaluate their engine designs and emissions when the vehicle is placed into service. This additional requirement will oblige the manufacturer to account for real-world conditions when designing engines and engine control algorithms and include driving conditions, ambient conditions, and fuel properties in addition to the engine certification test procedures. Engine operation and ambient conditions can be designed into the engine control algorithm. However, there will most likely be no on-board determination of fuel properties or composition in the near future. Therefore, the engine manufacturer will need to account for varying fuel properties when developing the engine control algorithm for when in-use testing is performed.

This analysis is a comprehensive assessment of the fuel-saving technologies and technology packages for three representative diesel HDV types in India: a 40-tonne Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) tractor-trailer, 25-tonne rigid truck, and a 16-tonne transit bus. These representative vehicle types are modeled after top-selling models in the Indian market based on sales data from fiscal year 2013-14. To model these vehicle types are accurately as possible, the study team acquired detailed engine maps that match the engine models in the respective vehicles and sought input on other vehicle systems from some of the leading Indian HDV manufacturers and suppliers. Using Autonomie as the vehicle simulation platform, the authors investigate the fuel consumption impacts of both individual technologies and combinations of technologies in the following areas: engine, transmission, driveline, aerodynamics, tires, material substitution (i.e., curb weight reduction), and hybridization.