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This report describes the concept and data analysis of the probe factor (pf) scheme. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made for action to further the requirements for improved methods and procedures in emissions sampling technology.

This report describes the concept and data analysis of the probe factor (pf) scheme. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made for action to further the requirements for improved methods and procedures in emissions sampling technology.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) addresses procedures applicable to quantifying the emission of nonvolatile particulate matter at the exit plane of aircraft gas turbine engines. While both volatile and nonvolatile particulate matter (PM) are present in aircraft gas turbine exhaust, the methods used to measure nonvolatile particles are farther advanced and are addressed here. Existing PM measurement regulations employ the SAE Smoke Number measurement (Reference 2.1.1), a stained filter technique used in evaluating visible emissions. The environmental and human health issues associated with submicronic PM emissions require more detailed measurement of the mass, size, and quantity of these particle emissions. Responding to regulatory agency requests, this AIR describes measurement techniques that are well developed and could be applied to the measurement of aircraft engine particulate matter.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) addresses procedures applicable to quantifying the emission of nonvolatile particulate matter at the exit plane of aircraft gas turbine engines. While both volatile and nonvolatile particulate matter (PM) are present in aircraft gas turbine exhaust, the methods used to measure nonvolatile particles are farther advanced and are addressed here. Existing PM measurement regulations employ the SAE Smoke Number measurement (Reference 2.1.1), a stained filter technique used in evaluating visible emissions. The environmental and human health issues associated with submicronic PM emissions require more detailed measurement of the mass, size, and quantity of these particle emissions. Responding to regulatory agency requests, this AIR describes measurement techniques that are well developed and could be applied to the measurement of aircraft engine particulate matter.

The purpose of this Aerospace Recommended Practice is to standardize test equipment and procedures for the measurement of smoke emission from aircraft gas turbine engines. The procedures included are for determining and reporting the amount of smoke emission. This document is divided into the following sections: 1 Definitions and Terminology 2 Equipment 3 Test Procedures 4 Information and Data to be Recorded 5 Data Reduction and Analysis 6 Presentation of Results

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) standardizes test equipment and procedures for the measurement of smoke emission from aircraft gas turbine engines. The procedures included are for determining and reporting the amount of smoke emission. Tests have indicated that the practically achieveable precision of the smoke number is within ±3 when the system is properly used as outlined herein. This procedure is not intended for in-flight testing, nor does it apply to afterburning engines. This ARP is divided into the following sections: 2 Definitions and Terminology 3 Equipment 4 Test Procedures 5 Information and Data to be Recorded 6 Data Reduction and Analysis 7 Presentation of Results 8 Comments

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) standardizes test equipment and procedures for the measurement of smoke emission from aircraft gas turbine engines. The procedures included are for determining and reporting the amount of smoke emission. Tests have indicated that the practically achieveable precision of the smoke number is within ±3 when the system is properly used as outlined herein. This procedure is not intended for in-flight testing, nor does it apply to engines operating in the afterburning mode.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) standardizes test equipment and procedures for the measurement of smoke emission from aircraft gas turbine engines. The procedures included are for determining and reporting the amount of smoke emission. Tests have indicated that the practically achievable precision of the smoke number is within ±3 when the system is properly used as outlined herein. This procedure is not intended for in-flight testing, nor does it apply to engines operating in the afterburning mode.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes the continuous sampling and analysis of gaseous emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines. The measured gas species include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), total hydrocarbons (CHα where “α” is the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the fuel) and water vapor (H2O). This ARP excludes engine operating procedures and test modes, and is not intended for in-flight testing, nor does it apply to engines operating in the afterburning mode. It is recognized that there will probably be major advances in the gas analysis measurement technology. It is not the intent of this ARP to exclude other analysis techniques, but to form the basis of the minimum amount of conventional instruments (those in common industry usage over the last fifteen years) required for the analysis of aircraft engine exhaust.

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes the continuous sampling and analysis of gaseous emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines and is intended to standardize the emission test procedures1 and equipment for measuring carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and total hydrocarbons. This ARP is not intended for in-flight testing, nor does it apply to engines operating in the afterburning mode.

Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 1533 is a procedure for the analysis and evaluation of the measured composition of the exhaust gas from aircraft engines. Measurements of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, total hydrocarbon, and the oxides of nitrogen are used to deduce emission indices, fuel-air ratio, combustion efficiency, and exhaust gas thermodynamic properties. The emission indices (EI) are the parameters of critical interest to the engine developers and the atmospheric emissions regulatory agencies because they relate engine performance to environmental impact. While this procedure is intended to guide the analysis and evaluation of the emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines, the methodology may be applied to the analysis of the exhaust products of any hydrocarbon / air combustor.

SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice ARP1533 is a procedure for the analysis and evaluation of the measured composition of the exhaust gas from aircraft engines. Measurements of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, total hydrocarbon, and the oxides of nitrogen are used to deduce emission indices, fuel-air ratio, combustion efficiency, and exhaust gas thermodynamic properties. The emission indices (EI) are the parameters of critical interest to the engine developers and the atmospheric emissions regulatory agencies because they relate engine performance to environmental impact. While this procedure is intended to guide the analysis and evaluation of the emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines, the methodology may be applied to the analysis of the exhaust products of any hydrocarbon/air combustor.