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A computational lumped parameter model (MTU-Filter-Lumped) was developed to describe the performance of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) during loading and regeneration processes. The model was formulated combining three major sub-models: a filtration model, a pressure drop model, and a mass and an energy balance equation for the total filter volume. The first two sub-models have been widely validated in the literature, while the third sub-model is introduced and combined with the first two sub-models in the present study. The three sub-models combined can give a full description of diesel particulate filter behavior during loading and regeneration processes, which was the objective of the present work. The total combined lumped parameter model was calibrated using experimental data from the literature covering a range of experimental conditions, including different catalytic regeneration means and engine operating conditions.

Heavy-duty diesel engine particulate matter (PM) emissions must be reduced from 0.1 to 0.01 grams per brake horsepower-hour by 2007 due to EPA regulations [1]. A catalyzed particulate filter (CPF) is used to capture PM in the exhaust stream, but as PM accumulates in the CPF, exhaust flow is restricted resulting in reduced horsepower and increased fuel consumption. PM must therefore be burned off, referred to as CPF regeneration. Unfortunately, nominal exhaust temperatures are not always high enough to cause stable self-regeneration when needed. One promising method for active CPF regeneration is to inject fuel into the exhaust stream upstream of an oxidation catalytic converter (OCC). The chemical energy released during the oxidation of the fuel in the OCC raises the exhaust temperature and allows regeneration.