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This set includes: SAE International Journal of Aerospace March 2010 - Volume 2 Issue 1 SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles October 2009 - Volume 2, Issue 1 March 2010 - Volume 2, Issue 2 SAE International Journal of Engines October 2009 - Volume 2, Issue 1 March 2010 - Volume 2, Issue 2 SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants October 2009 - Volume 2, Issue 1 March 2010 - Volume 2, Issue 2 SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing October 2009 - Volume 2, Issue 1 March 2010 - Volume 2, Issue 2 SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems October 2009 - Volume 2, Issue 1 SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems October 2009 - Volume 2, Issue 1 March 2010 - Volume 2, Issue 2

The objective of this research project was to compare B20 (20% biodiesel fuel) and ultra-low-sulfur (ULSD) diesel-fueled buses in terms of fuel economy, vehicle maintenance, engine performance, component wear, and lube oil performance. We examined 15 model year (MY) 2002 Gillig 40-foot transit buses equipped with MY 2002 Cummins ISM engines. The engines met 2004 U.S. emission standards and employed exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). For 18 months, eight of these buses operated exclusively on B20 and seven operated exclusively on ULSD. The B20 and ULSD study groups operated from different depots of the St. Louis (Missouri) Metro, with bus routes matched for duty cycle parity. The B20- and ULSD-fueled buses exhibited comparable fuel economy, reliability (as measured by miles between road calls), and total maintenance costs. Engine and fuel system maintenance costs were also the same for the two groups after correcting for the higher average mileage of the B20 group.

This research project compares laboratory-measured fuel economy of a medium-duty diesel powered hydraulic hybrid vehicle drivetrain to both a conventional diesel drivetrain and a conventional gasoline drivetrain in a typical commercial parcel delivery application. Vehicles in this study included a model year 2012 Freightliner P10HH hybrid compared to a 2012 conventional gasoline P100 and a 2012 conventional diesel parcel delivery van of similar specifications. Drive cycle analysis of 484 days of hybrid parcel delivery van commercial operation from multiple vehicles was used to select three standard laboratory drive cycles as well as to create a custom representative cycle. These four cycles encompass and bracket the range of real world in-use data observed in Baltimore United Parcel Service operations.

Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) are a key component in many on- and off-road aftertreatment systems to meet increasingly stringent particle emissions limits. Efficient thermal management and regeneration control is critical for reliable and cost-effective operation of the combined engine and aftertreatment system. Conventional DPF control systems predominantly rely on a combination of filter pressure drop measurements and predictive models to indirectly estimate the soot loading state of the filter. Over time, the build-up of incombustible ash, primarily derived from metal-containing lubricant additives, accumulates in the filter to levels far exceeding the DPF's soot storage limit. The combined effects of soot and ash build-up dynamically impact the filter's pressure drop response, service life, and fuel consumption, and must be accurately accounted for in order to optimize engine and aftertreatment system performance.

The 9-meter wind tunnel of the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada is equipped with a boundary layer suction system, center belt and wheel rollers to simulate ground motion relative to test articles. Although these systems were originally commissioned for testing of full-scale automotive models, they are appropriately sized for ground simulation with half-scale tractor-trailer combinations. The size of the tunnel presents an opportunity to test half-scale commercial vehicles at full-scale Reynolds numbers with a model that occupies 3% of the test section cross-sectional area. This study looks at the effects of ground simulation on the force and pressure data of a half-scale model with rotating tractor wheels. A series of model changes, typical of a drag reduction program, were undertaken and each configuration was tested with both a fixed floor and with full-ground simulation to evaluate the effects of this technology on the total and incremental drag coefficients.

With implementation of stringent BSVI emission norms and regulations like OBD-II on vehicle, it is essential to define the life of exhaust after treatment along with the vehicle. Diesel after treatment generally consists of DOC, DPF and SCR. Lubricating oil contains phosphorus and zinc which adversely affect the DOC. Unburned hydrocarbons (UNHBC) and SOF in tail pipe get accumulated in the DPF. This requires regeneration process where in, high temperatures in exhaust after treatment (EATS) burn the adsorbed Sulphur or phosphorus, thereby improving the conversion efficiencies. Repeated regenerations lead to ash accumulation in DPF and this reduces its capability for soot accumulation. Sulphur in the exhaust impacts SCR through NOx conversion. The present study analyzes the effect of (1) Chemical aging (2) Thermal aging on 3.77 liter diesel engine after treatment. A test cycle was prepared to run the durability for EATS.

In an automotive power train system, the differential gear system plays a vital role of enabling the vehicle to transfer the engine torque to the wheels. The differential system consists of complex system of gears which are meshed with each other. Effective lubrication of the differential system ensures that the metal to metal contact between the gears is avoided. In addition, the lubricants also acts as a thermal medium to effectively dissipate the heat produced due to frictional resistances. For dipped lubrication system, the use of lubrication oil leads to a loss of transmission power, and the loss increases with increasing rotational speeds. Prediction and an understanding of the transmission loss inside the differential system is important as it provides a means to increase the power transmission efficiency. In addition, it provides insights to optimize the lubrication methods, gear profile, and gear housings.

The impact of Reynolds number on the aerodynamics and operational performance of commercial vehicles is discussed. All supporting data has been obtained from published experimental and computational studies for complete vehicles and vehicle components. A review of Reynolds number effects on boundary layer state, unsteady and steady flow, time dependent wake structure, interacting shear layer and separated flows is presented. Reynolds number modeling and simulation criteria that impact aerodynamic characteristics and performance of a commercial vehicle are shown. The concepts of dimensional analysis and flow similarity are employed to show that aerodynamics of commercial ground vehicles is only dependent on Reynolds number. The terminology of Roshko is adopted for discussing the variation in drag with Reynolds number in which the subcritical, transitional and transcritical flow regimes are defined for commercial vehicles.

Particle number emissions from an off-road diesel engine without exhaust after-treatment were studied by using five different heavy-duty lubricating oils in the engine. The study extends understanding on how the properties of lubricating oil affect the nanoparticle emissions from an off-road diesel engine. The lubricants were selected among the performance classes of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, at least one lubricant from each category intended for heavy-duty diesel engines. Particle size distributions were measured by the means of an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS), but soot emissions, gaseous emissions and the basic engine performance were also determined. During the non-road steady state cycle, the most of the differences were detected at the particle size range of 6-15 nm. In most cases, the lowest particle quantities were emitted when the highest performance category lubricant was used.

This document establishes the requirements for technical content and format of hydraulic system diagrams. This document does not establish configuration requirements, material, or performance requirements for any system or component identified herein.

This SAE Recommended Practice was developed by SAE, and the section “Standard Classification and Specification for Service Greases” cooperatively with ASTM, and NLGI. It is intended to assist those concerned with the design of heavy duty vehicle components, and with the selection and marketing of greases for the lubrication of certain of those components on heavy duty vehicles like trucks and buses. The information contained herein will be helpful in understanding the terms related to properties, designations, and service applications of heavy duty vehicle greases.

This SAE Recommended Practice was developed by SAE, and the section "Standard Classification and Specification for Service Greases" cooperatively with ASTM, and NLGI. It is intended to assist those concerned with the design of heavy duty vehicle components, and with the selection and marketing of greases for the lubrication of certain of those components on heavy duty vehicles like trucks and buses. The information contained herein will be helpful in understanding the terms related to properties, designations, and service applications of heavy duty vehicle greases.

This SAE Standard applies to machines as defined in Appendix A. Some of these machines can travel on-highway, but function primarily off-highway.

This SAE Standard applies to machines as defined in Appendix A. Some of these machines can travel on-highway, but function primarily off-highway.

Drain and Fill plugs used on engines, transmissions, transfer cases and front and rear drive axles for class 5 – 8 vehicles.

Drain and Fill plugs used on engines, transmissions, transfer cases and front and rear drive axles for class 5 – 8 vehicles.

This document establishes standard graphical symbols and color conventions for use in either still (static) or animated graphics used for communicating service information. This document’s purpose is to communicate conventions for using those symbols and colors to accurately and consistently communicate intended information via graphics-based documentation. These practices are intended for use in service procedures, assembly instructions, training materials, and similar applications when trying to minimize the amount of human natural language text used within the document. The still and animated graphical conventions referenced should support effective communication via paper and “traditional” electronic media. The conventions can also extend to documenting via additional electronic delivery paradigms such as augmented reality (AR).

This SAE Recommended Practice describes STANDARD-DUTY and EXTREME-DUTY Pilot Bearing requirements and sizes for class 6, 7, and 8 on-highway trucks and buses that use diesel engines and manual transmissions. The recommendations may apply to a wide range of other pilot-bearing applications, such as agricultural, industrial, and construction equipment.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes STANDARD-DUTY and EXTREME-DUTY Pilot Bearing requirements and sizes for class 6, 7, and 8 on-highway trucks and buses that use diesel engines and manual transmissions. The recommendations may apply to a wide range of other pilot-bearing applications, such as agricultural, industrial, and construction equipment.