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Modern light-duty trucks and SUV's are designed to be aerodynamic to increase fuel economy. Such vehicle design significantly reduces the amount of air available to cool the rear axle in rear wheel drive vehicles. Reduced cooling coupled with higher power output and additional load from trailer towing operations results in higher axle operating temperatures, especially during the early operation or “break-in” phase of axle life. Higher axle operating temperatures decrease oil viscosity resulting in reduced oil film formation ability to protect against wear and contact fatigue. High temperature also shortens the useful life of gear oils. To facilitate the development of gear oils capable of reducing axle operation temperature, we have developed a laboratory simulation test method that can closely simulate actual trailer-towing driving on Baker's grade road under maximum GVCWR of close to 6,033 kg (13,300 lbs).

Currently there is no axle test aimed specifically at bearing durability in automotive hypoid axles. Existing axle tests are primarily focused on gear distress and lubricant protection of gears. In light of the new test information showing axle bearing distress, there is a need to develop a new bearing durability test for automotive and truck axle lubricants. To fulfill this need, a new bearing durability test has been developed to better assess lubricant requirements for rolling element bearing durability. Although the final test of an axle lubricant is in a driven automobile or truck, an effective screening test based on actual light duty truck conditions can be used to accelerate lubricant development to enhance bearing performance in hypoid axles. This new test simulates actual road durability tests in the lab. A specific load cycle which retains the critical road test loading conditions reduces test time and helps speed up lubricant development.

Heavy duty vehicles take a large role in providing global logistics. It is required to have both high durability and reduced CO2 from the viewpoint of global environment conservation. Therefore lubricating oils for transmission and axle/differential gear box are required to have excellent protection and longer drain intervals. However, it is also necessary that the gear oil maintain suitable friction performance for the synchronizers of the transmission. Even with such good performance, both transmission and axle/differential gear box lubricants must balance cost and performance, in particular in the Asian market. The development of gear oil additives for high reliability gear oil must consider the available base oils in various regions as the additive is a global product. In many cases general long drain gear oils for heavy duty vehicles use the group III or IV base oils, but it is desirable to use the group I/II base oils in terms of cost and availability.