Verification of landing gear design strength is accomplished by dynamic and static test programs. This is essentially a verification of the analytical procedures used to design the gear. An industry survey was recently conducted to determine just what analysis and testing are currently being applied to landing gear. Timing in relation to first flight of new aircraft was also questioned. Opinions were solicited from designers of the following categories and/or types of aircraft: a Military - Large Land Based (Bomber) b Military - Small Land Based (Fighter) c Military - Carrier Based (Navy) d Military - Helicopter (Large) e Military - Helicopter (Small-attack) f Commercial - Large (Airliner) g Commercial - Small (Business) h USAF (WPAFB) - Recommendations It is the objective of this AIR to present a summary of these responses. It is hoped that this summary will be useful to designers as a guide and/or check list in establishing criteria for landing gear analysis and test.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides guidelines for the development of landing gear fatigue spectra for the purpose of designing and certification testing of Part 25 landing gear. Many of the recommendations herein are generalizations based on data obtained from a wide range of landing gears. The aircraft manufacturer or the landing gear supplier is encouraged to use data more specific to their particular undercarriage whenever possible.
The recommended practice establishes the requirements for lubricating oil filters for general aviation reciprocating engine applications with lubricating oil systems normally operating in a pressure range of 345 - 689 kPa (50 - 100 psig).
The intent of this document is to provide recommended practices for conducting shock absorption testing of civil aircraft landing gear equipped with oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers. The primary focus is for Part 25 aircraft, but differences for Part 23, 27, and 29 aircraft are provided where appropriate.
The intent of this document is to provide recommended practices for conducting shock absorption testing of civil aircraft landing gear equipped with oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers. The primary focus is for Part 25 aircraft, but differences for Part 23, 27, and 29 aircraft are provided where appropriate.
This recommended practice covers the fixed structure, or independent energy absorbing system affixed to the airframe to afford protection to the control surfaces, engine and other portions during ground handling, take-off and landing.
This recommended practice covers the fixed structure, or independent energy absorbing system affixed to the airframe to afford protection to the control surfaces, engine and other portions during ground handling, take-off and landing.
This recommended practice covers the fixed structure, or independent energy absorbing system affixed to the airframe to afford protection to the control surfaces, engine and other portions during ground handling, take-off and landing.
This recommended practice covers the fixed structure, or independent energy absorbing system affixed to the airframe to afford protection to the control surfaces, engine and other portions during ground handling, take-off and landing.
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) will examine considerations relative to the use of mechanical switches on aircraft landing gear, and present "lessons learned" during the period that these devices have been used.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) discusses the nature of landing gear stability, describes many common landing gear stability problems, and suggests approaches and methods for solving or avoiding them.
This specification covers definition of landing impact tests which are to be conducted on landing gear assemblies including shock absorbers, suggested instrumentation for the tests and required data of the resulting test report. It is intended to standardize impact test procedures on landing gear shock absorbers and to provide sufficient data to allow evaluation of the design with respect to requirements of MIL-L-8552 and MIL-S-8959 as applicable.
The intent of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to document the design requirements and approaches for the crashworthy design of aircraft landing gear. This document covers the field of commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of crashworthy landing gear design requirements and approaches may be used as a reference for future aircraft.
The intent of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to document the design requirements and approaches for the crashworthy design of aircraft landing gear. This document covers the field of commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of crashworthy landing gear design requirements and approaches may be used as a reference for future aircraft.
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide a practical definition of external hydraulic fluid leakage exhibited by landing gear shock absorbers/struts. The definition will outline normal (acceptable weepage) and excessive leakage (unacceptable leakage) of shock absorbers/struts that is measurable. The definition of leakage is applicable to new gear assemblies, refurbished/remanufactured (overhauled) shock absorbers/struts, leakage of shock absorbers/struts encountered during acceptance flights, newly delivered and in-service aircraft. This ARP is intended to provide guidelines for acceptable leakage of landing gear shock absorbers/struts between the ambient temperatures of -65 °F (-54 °C) and 130 °F (54 °C) and to outline the procedure for measuring such leakage. The specific limits that are applied to any particular aircraft shall be adjusted by the aircraft manufacturer before inclusion in the applicable maintenance manual.
The present document addresses gas and hydraulic fluid servicing required on commercial and military aircraft landing gears, for both single and dual chamber shock struts.