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Final Euro6d emission legislation with the new homologation cycle and Real Driving Emission requirements has set a strong challenge for the ICE Passenger Car applications. Thanks to their well-known low fuel consumption characteristics, Diesel Engines can play a key role for the fulfillment of the European 2020 CO2 fleet target but need to confirm their capability to fully control noxious emissions even in extreme operating conditions, while restraining the overall engine costs and complexity. CO2 and NOx emissions reduction are considered the main drivers for diesel engine evolution. In this perspective, Exhaust Gas After-treatment and Combustion System have been identified as the two main technology aspects to be developed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution paths of these two technologies and the results achieved so far in terms of noxious emissions reduction. A methodology has been developed to predict Diesel combustion evolution and its main characteristics.

This paper presents a methodology for numerical investigation of a full flexible balancer drive together with engine and crank train under realistic operating conditions where shaft dynamics, gear contact and rattle impacts, gear root stresses and friction losses in bearings and gear interaction are taken into account and can be balanced against each other to achieve the design criteria. Gear rattle is driven by the speed fluctuation of the crank train, the resistance torque (mainly friction), shaft inertia and the backlash in the gears. The actual trend to engine downsizing and up-torqueing increases the severity to rattle as engines are running on higher combustion pressures. This increases torque and speed fluctuation, which makes the detailed investigation in this torque transfer even more demanding. A common method to reduce gear rattle is the usage of so-called scissors gears.