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Cold performance is a very important issue for diesel engines. Customers expect their engines to start reliably under all ambient conditions, and to quickly deliver useful power without unacceptable noise or exhaust emissions. In this programme the low ambient temperature cold start performance of two generations of Mercedes-Benz Heavy-Duty diesel engines has been explored. Both are typical of the smaller European Heavy-Duty engine design. The OM364 LA meets Euro 2 emissions legislation using mechanical controls; the OM904 LA is the first evolution of an all-new design to replace the OM364 LA, and features a three-valve cylinder head and high pressure unit-pump injection, with fully electronic controls. Engines were tested in a temperature controlled chamber, using a procedure that studied the first few minutes of operation from cold.