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Transportation needs of society has been growing at a rapid rate and to a great extent dependent on crude oil derived fuels. The crude oil supply may fall short of demand has been clearly realized and future fuel scenarios are being studied. In this background, transport fuels and their effect on exhaust emission as well as greenhouse gases have become the driving force for their interactions with engine and emission control systems. In this paper, various transport fuel options to supplement/replace the existing fuel supply are discussed particularly considering the Indian Transport scenario.

Research on conversion of diesel engines for operation on methanol is, currently, of worldwide interest. Due to requirements of higher cyclic delivery of methanol and changes in fuel properties e.g. compressibility, wave propagation velocity, viscosity, surface tension, density etc., injection and atomization characteristics of methanol are expected to be different from diesel. From the equation of continuity and forces acting on the injection system elements and applying the principles of similarity, modifications required in the injection system were identified. Methanol injection and atomization characteristics were studied with a modified injection system and compared with those observed with diesel fuel. Methanol gave more favourable cyclic delivery characteristics than diesel. Laser diffraction technique was used to study time and space resolved drop size distribution in methanol and diesel sprays.