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Premixed diesel combustion was performed and various characteristics examined with fuel injection timing near top dead center (TDC). A lean and uniform fuel-air mixture was found to during 25° C.A. with a narrow injection angle (27.5° with respect to horizontal), shallow dish combustion chamber, and low cetane number fuel (CN=19). These conditions enabled low NOx combustion in no exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR), despite fuel injection timing around 25° BTDC. Furthermore, HC emissions were lower than with premixed diesel combustion of the early injection type. Because fuel injection timing was near TDC, the volume of the mixture dispersed to a squish area was decreased. This combustion mode was also achieved with a high-cetane fuel (conventional diesel fuel) and high EGR rate conditions. However, in this case, it was difficult to adjust the ignition timing near top dead center. This combustion system also showed good performance in conventional diesel combustion mode.