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Since health effects of automobile exhaust emissions, especially of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has been greatly concerned, Health Effects Working Group was established in Japan Clean Air Program (JCAP) for taking an approach to health effects study on exhaust emission improvement to be made through measures for automobile exhaust emission reduction and fuel property improvement. First of all, we have gathered scientific information on health effects of exhaust emissions, mainly of DEP and so on, which were published till that time, have reviewed the information with specialists in Japan, and have established a database to be used in various areas of study. Second, based on the above results, basic evaluation of exhaust emissions from diesel vehicles, for which a strong concern about health effects was shown, has been carried out in cooperation with studies on future automobile and fuel technologies for diesel engines/vehicles carried out by other working groups of JCAP.