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The purpose of this study was to quantifiably evaluate driver mental fatigue using the power spectral analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV). The quantitative detector of driver fatigue can present appropriate warnings and help to prevent traffic accidents. A simulation creating driver mental workload was set up using vigilance, considered to be an accurate assessment of driver mental workload, to evaluate a driver's performance. In the experiment eight healthy male subjects were required to perform a vigilance task for 90 minutes. The physiological variables for evaluating driver mental load were spectral values of heart rate variability (HRV). As a result HRV showed a high correlation with driver mental fatigue.