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The underlying basic model represents a powertrain with automatic transmission including a torque converter. It is based on a greybox-modeling approach, which refers to ordinary differential equations with identified parameters and characteristic curves. The validated basic model is extended in order to reproduce the system behavior and especially the side shaft torque during a gear shift process. Therefore the model is extended by a transmission model with clutches for gear shifting in order to simulate specific powertrain dynamics additionally. The parameters have already been determined for the basic model using a method for isolated and structured parameter identification based on measurement data of an automotive powertrain test bench. A comparable structured parameter identification method is applied to obtain the parameters of the extended model.

Besides optimal engine systems, high-efficiency vehicle transmissions are generally also required to improve fuel economy in automotive applications. For the energy loss analysis in transmissions, most research focused on the major mechanical components, such as gears, bearings and seals, while the other mechanical losses, like synchronizer losses, were usually not considered. With increasing number of synchronizers in modern transmissions, a recent study indicates that the power loss analysis of synchronizers should also be developed and appended for a more accurate investigation on overall power losses in transmissions. The function of synchronizer is to equalize the different rotational speeds of shafts and gear wheels by frictional torques, for which the synchronizer must be cooled and lubricated in order to enhance the service life. With the supplement of lubricants, fluid friction is generated due to the differential speed, when the synchronizer is in neutral position.