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Recently, the use of air conditioning systems is growing rapidly due to increasing global temperatures. Considering enormous growth in the application of the air conditioning system, there is an urgent need to improve design, performance, and efficiency thereof. For example, the air conditioning systems that are being used these days are required to provide improved efficiency per unit of power consumed, and they are also required to have a smaller form factor as compared to conventional air conditioning systems. Therefore, a lot of modern air conditioning systems employ components such as internal heat exchanger, thermal expansion valves and forth to improve their performance while having a small form factor.

Air-conditioning and Refrigeration systems are widely used in many industries for cooling and preservation, and the evaporator is a crucial component responsible for heat absorption. The choice of refrigerant has a significant impact on the evaporator's performance, affecting the overall efficiency of the system. This paper investigates the effect of three common refrigerants, R134a, R407c, and R1234yf, on evaporator performance. A comparative analysis was performed using the conventional air-conditioning system consisting of a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The evaporator performance was evaluated based on the cooling capacity, Refrigerant Side Pressure Drop (RSPD) and Superheat (SH). The results show that evaporator has highest cooling capacity with R134a, followed by R407C and R1234yf. In comparison to R134a, R1234yf had the lowest refrigerating effect followed by R407C.

Electric vehicles (EV) have become very significant and potential way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on a worldwide scale. EV also provides Energy security, as it reduces the dependency on petroleum producing countries of the world. Similar to the conventional Internal Combustion Engine Cars, in Electrical Vehicles also the efficient air conditioning system is very important for providing thermal comfort and for giving safe driving conditions. In Air Conditioning systems for EV, the heating option is available in the form of Electrical heaters and Heat Pump systems. The Heat pumps have become more popular compared to the electrical Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heaters because of their highly efficient and energy saving designs. However, there are still some issues with using heat pumps. One of such issue is their less Coefficient of performance (COP) at low ambient conditions.