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A microwave-heating system is integrated in a port-injector to minimize the cold-start problems and exhaust emissions of engine. This paper report the experimental investigations of spray characteristics and numerical simulation of fuel temperature inside port-injector. Fuel flow inside port-injector is heated using microwave-heating and this system is called “local-contact microwave-heating injector” (LMI). LMI can be used to increase temperature of ethanol near boiling point (351.5K) before injected into room temperature. Injection pressure of fuel was operated constant at 0.3MPa. Characteristics of fuel spray were observed experimentally using high speed camera, CMOS camera and LDSA. Numerical simulation was conducted to verify the effect of local heating on spray distribution. 2-D geometry of injector with finer quadrilateral mesh (56,000 meshes) was solved numerically on pressure based solver in CFD simulation code.

Improvement of atomization process is one of the most effective methods to promote the cold-start period of an internal combustion engine (ICE) using port fuel injector (PFI). In this paper authors present a fuel heating method using microwave energy through the local-contact microwave-heating injector (LMI) to enhance the properties of fuel sprays in such a risky working area of ICE. Temperature and mixing ratios of blended fuel are varied and characteristics of atomization are investigated. The fuel using in experiments is blended fuel of gasoline and ethanol, the mixing ratio is varied among 0 (E0), 5 (E5), 50 (E50), and 100 (E100) percentages in volume ratio of ethanol. The temperature of the fuel is measured just before the injection by using K-typed sheath thermo-couple. Spray characteristics measured are Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), droplet size distribution, spray cone angle, and particle size distribution width.