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Near to long term goals in the nation's space program would benefit from a significant reduction of the fatigue associated with manual tasks performed by suited astronauts, and the corresponding increase in the comfort, safety, and productivity of EVA operations this would enable. To this end, the University of Maryland Space Systems Laboratory and ILC Dover Inc. have developed an electromechanical, power-assisted EVA glove which has demonstrated the ability to substantially reduce manual fatigue while simultaneously increasing range of motion. The lessons learned from the construction and testing of this initial prototype have been used to guide a second generation design for this power-assist concept, which achieves comparable or superior performance with significantly less hardware and power consumption. This paper describes the new, second generation power-assist mechanism, reviewing the relevant design issues and comparing its performance with the initial design.

While robotics have been employed in many environments, their use in space has been limited by high development costs and reliability issues. Using new management strategies and reduced mission life, the University of Maryland and NASA are developing the Ranger Telerobotic Flight Experiment (TFX), scheduled for flight in early 1997. This mission poses unique requirements on the design and implementation of the ground control station and it's interfaces. Two of the most important design issues are the need for high bandwidth command data, and cost constraints on the operator interface. This paper is intended to briefly outline the Ranger TFX mission, related theory on human perception, capabilities the control station must supply to vehicle designers sot that they can design effective control station interfaces, results from a preliminary study, and suggestions for future research.

With a renewed focus on manned exploration, NASA is beginning to prepare for the challenges that lie ahead. Future manned missions will require a symbiosis of human and robotic infrastructure. As a step towards understanding the roles of humans and robots in future planetary exploration, NASA headquarters funded ILC Dover and the University of Maryland to perform research in the area of human and robotic interfaces. The research focused on development and testing of communication components, robotic command and control interfaces, electronic displays, EVA navigation software and hardware, and EVA lighting. The funded research was a 12-month effort culminating in a field test with NASA personnel.

The Maryland Advanced Research/Simulation (MARS) Suit is designed to be a low-cost test bed for extravehicular activity (EVA) research, providing an environment for the development and application of biomedical sensors and advanced EVA technologies. It is also designed to be used in gaining more experience with human-telerobotic interactions in an integrated EVA worksite. This paper details the first generation MARS Suit (MX-1) design, describes the low-cost development process, and presents results from ongoing suit testing, as well as plans for future work.