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The scope of this document focuses on the setup and use of solid particle number (SPN) counting devices in both engine development and certification environments. The document reviews best practices for collecting and measuring samples from both raw and diluted exhaust gas streams across several sample probe insertion locations relative to installed aftertreatment devices. Appropriate dilution techniques, sample transfer processes, and temperature management techniques are included. Finally, performance and validation checks are covered to ensure that long-term degradation and instrument failures can be identified quickly. The particle size range targeted in this document is >23 nm, which aligns with the present EU SPN regulations and targets only solid particles. Current commonly available measurement devices are designed for counting efficiencies of 50% at 23 nm and 90% counting efficiencies at 40 nm so the contents of this document primarily address these particle sizes.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a rating procedure for the cleanliness rating of steels by the magnetic particle method. The procedure is based on counting the number of indications (frequency) and employs a weighted value to obtain a severity factor. The method outlined is similar to that described in SAE Aerospace Material Specification AMS 2301.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a rating procedure for the cleanliness rating of steels by the magnetic particle method. The procedure is based on counting the number of indications (frequency) and employs a weighted value to obtain a severity factor. The method outlined is similar to that described in SAE Aerospace Material Specification AMS 2301.

The scope of this SAE Information Report is to provide general information relative to the nature and use of magnetic particles for nondestructive testing. The document is not intended to provide detailed technical information, but will serve as an introduction to the theory and capabilities of magnetic particle testing, and as a guide to more extensive references.

The scope of this SAE Information Report is to provide general information relative to the nature and use of magnetic particles for nondestructive testing. The document is not intended to provide detailed technical information, but will serve as an introduction to the theory and capabilities of magnetic particle testing, and as a guide to more extensive references.

This document provides an overview on how and why EGR coolers are utilized, defines commonly used nomenclature, discusses design issues and trade-offs, and identifies common failure modes. The reintroduction of selectively cooled exhaust gas into the combustion chamber is just one component of the emission control strategy for internal combustion (IC) engines, both diesel and gasoline, and is useful in reducing exhaust port emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Other means of reducing NOx exhaust port emissions are briefly mentioned, but beyond the scope of this document.

This SAE Recommended Practice has been formulated to advance and endorse the use of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) Solid Contaminant Code as the universal means for expressing the level of particulate contaminant in hydraulic fluid and for specifying acceptable limits of cleanliness. Worldwide approval was gained for this coding system because it provides a simple, unmistakable, meaningful, and consistent means of communication between suppliers and users. The code applies to all types of hydraulic (liquid) fluids used in fluid power and control systems.

The method presented applies to the analysis of the indicated constituents in diesel engine exhaust, or vehicles using diesel engines, when operating at steady-state conditions. The measurements of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide are based on continuous sampling and analysis by nondispersive infrared (NDIR) methods. Measurements of total oxides of nitrogen by chemiluminescence and NDIR methods is discussed.

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform laboratory techniques for the continuous and grab sample measurement of various constituents in the exhaust gas of the gasoline engines installed in passenger cars and light trucks. The report concentrates on the measurement of the following components in exhaust gas: hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and oxygen (O2). This recommended practice includes the following sections: 1. Introduction 2. Definitions and Terminology 3. Sampling and Instrumentation 4. Associated Test Equipment 5. Test Procedures Appendix—Other Measurement Technology

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform laboratory techniques for the continuous and bag-sample measurement of various constituents in the exhaust gas of the gasoline engines installed in passenger cars and light-duty trucks. The report concentrates on the measurement of the following components in exhaust gas: hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). NOx is the sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A complete procedure for testing vehicles may be found in SAE J1094. This document includes the following sections: 1 Scope 2 References 3 Emissions Sampling Systems 4 Emissions Analyzers 5 Data Analysis 6 Associated Test Equipment 7 Test Procedures

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform laboratory techniques for the continuous and bag-sample measurement of various constituents in the exhaust gas of the gasoline engines installed in passenger cars and light-duty trucks. The report concentrates on the measurement of the following components in exhaust gas: hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). NOx is the sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Historical techniques still used for some purposes are included in the Appendices. A complete procedure for testing vehicles may be found in SAE Recommended Practice J1094, Constant Volume Sampler System for Exhaust Emissions Measurement. This recommended practice includes the following sections: (1) Introduction (2) Definitions and Terminology (3) Emissions Sampling Systems (4) Emissions Analyzers (5) Data Analysis and Reduction (6) Associated Test Equipment (7) Test Procedures (8) Appendices A, B, and C

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform laboratory techniques for the continuous and bag-sample measurement of various constituents in the exhaust gas of the gasoline engines installed in passenger cars and light-duty trucks. The report concentrates on the measurement of the following components in exhaust gas: hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). NOx is the sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A complete procedure for testing vehicles may be found in SAE J1094. This document includes the following sections: 1. Scope 2. References 3. Emissions Sampling Systems 4. Emissions Analyzers 5. Data Analysis 6. Associated Test Equipment 7. Test Procedures

"Effective particle or domain size" is a phrase used in X-ray diffraction literature to describe the size of the coherent regions within a material which are diffracting. Coherency in this sense means diffracting as a unit. Small particle size causes X-ray line broadening and as such can be measured. It has been shown related to substructure as observed in transmission electron microscopy. Particle size is affected by hardening, cold working, and fatigue; conversely, there is increasing evidence that particle size, per se, affects both static and dynamic strength.

This SAE Draft Technical Report is intended to document the technical consensus of the current design state of converter/mufflers for heavy-duty emission classification diesel vehicle applications. This will maximize standardization and promote interchangeability of parts from different manufacturers.

This SAE Draft Technical Report applies to nomenclature of diesel engine catalytic converter parts and various configurations.

This SAE Information Report deals exclusively with the determination of sulfur compounds in automotive exhaust. Engine operating cycles and interpretation of results are not covered. Methods described in detail are those that have been or are being used by various laboratories. None are specifically recommended as superior to others. Since intensive measurement of automotive sulfur compounds is a relatively new activity, methods and practices have changed rapidly. Some methods are more experimental than others and are so noted in the test.

The greases have been classified according to the operating conditions under which they are used, because the versatile nature of greases makes it impractical to classify them according to end use. It will therefore be necessary to consult the supplier to be certain that the grease can be used in; for example, rolling bearings or pumped supply systems, and also concerning the compatibility of products (see Remarks in Table 1).