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It is easy to identify flow induced noise on a flow bench or engine testing, but it is also equally essential to understand the fundamental mechanisms of fan noise generations. A methodology for optimizing cooling fan noise using 3-D CFD technique is presented in this paper. This work is an extension of Reference Nain, A. [2], where cooling fan dimensions like blade shape, number of blades, blade diameter etc. are optimized for achieving fuel efficiency targets. Any design modification in a fan should also be validated for any cause of noise generation. Initially engine noise sources are identified experimentally in anechoic chamber. Each noise source is categorized in order of their dominance on overall noise level. The cooling fan system impact is also extracted from overall noise spectrum.

Emission norms are introduced to limit exhaust pollutants from vehicular engines to improve and control ambient air quality. Thermodynamic simulation results showed the possibility of upgradation from Euro-2 to Euro-3 emission norms using a low pressure inline fuel injection pump. Geometric parameters of piston bowl, injection nozzle were adjusted and the combustion parameters like swirl start of injection, controlled injection and jet penetration were fine tuned to achieve the emission norms using the cost effective inline fuel injection pump. This fuel injection system is tolerant to indifferent fuel quality as it is lubricated by engine oil and the clearances within the pump do not demand exceptional lubricity or cleanliness of the fuel. The exhaust is polished off soluble organic fractions, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons using a lightly loaded diesel oxidation catalyst that is tolerant to 500 ppm sulphur in fuel. Data from 20 engines showed emission is consistent.

To meet stringent reduction in exhaust emission and improving internal combustion engine fuel efficiency, have forced the designer to optimize auxiliary systems like lubrication and cooling. This paper describes the experimental and simulation verification of a 1.3 litre water cooled engine lubrication system. The lubrication circuit model is built in Ricardo Ignite software. The simulation model preparation steps using 3D-CAD model is explained in paper. Engine main bearing and connecting big-end bearing leakage maps are evaluated using Ricardo Valdyn software which is capable of simulation engine crank-train multi body dynamics along with bearing oil behavior. The pressure and flow distribution at various locations are predicted using simulation model. These simulation predictions are experimentally verified. It is observed acceptable correlation between simulation and experimental values.

The paper presents the investigation of the engine fuel efficiency improvement using one-dimensional (1D) simulation software Ricardo Wave. The study is carried out for a baseline multicylinder direct-injection naturally aspirated diesel engine of 2945 cc meeting CPCB-II emission norms. Initially base simulation model is calibrated and good correlation is observed between experimental and simulation results for parameters like airflow rate and engine power cylinder pressure. Engine breathing capability, i.e. volumetric efficiency, is improved by optimizing intake pipes, intake ports and cam events. Cam-lobe profile is optimized keeping consideration of gen-set/tractor application. Optimum hardware improved engine pumping losses which results in better fuel efficiency on various load points. It meets CPCB-II emission norms.

Hybridization of off road vehicles is in its early phase but it is likely to increase in coming years. In order to improve fuel economy and overall emission of the 3.3 litre tractor model, various kinds of engine hybridization is studied. This paper presents a methodology to predict vehicle fuel consumption and emission using 1-D software by coupling Ricardo Wave and Ricardo Ignite. Initially, An acceptable agreement within 5% deviation between simulation and experimental is established for engine steady state points, both for engine performance and NOx emission parameters. Engine fuel consumption and emission maps are predicted using Ricardo WAVE model. These maps are used as an input to IGNITE model for predicting cumulative fuel consumption. Same calibrated model is used further for studying idle start stop and fully hybrid P0 type hybrid architecture. The hybrid P0 type involves idle start stop, e-boost and regeneration.

This paper presents a one-dimensional (1-D)/three-dimensional (3-D) simulation methodology for uprating a diesel engine to reduce production costs and improve fuel economy. The case study is carried out for a baseline multicylinder direct injection (DI) naturally aspirated (NA) diesel engine of 2945 cc, which meets the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)-II emission regulations and is used in a 25 kVA genset application. An uprated version of this NA engine is designed to replace a 30 kVA genset turbocharged engine, eliminating the expense of the turbocharger while reducing fuel consumption. The 1-D computational model was calibrated on the 25 kVA base engine and produced a good agreement with the airflow rate, power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), cylinder pressure, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission levels.

The paper presents the investigation on the Engine fuel efficiency improvement using one-dimensional (1-D) simulation software Ricardo WAVE. The study is carried out for a baseline multicylinder direct-injection turbocharged diesel engine of 2945 cc displacement, meeting the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)-II emission norms. Initially, the base simulation model is calibrated and observed for a good correlation between the experimental and simulation results for parameters like airflow rate, engine power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and cylinder pressure. There is also an acceptable agreement between the predicted and actual measurement values for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission. Now different combinations of turbochargers and combustion-related hardware are optimized in 1-D simulation, and the best combination is also verified experimentally.