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The 16 papers in this technical paper colection present advancement of auto safety-related technologies that deal with roof crush testing, pedestrian safety, front, side and rear impact, simulation of interior head impact, FE study of factors on risk of KTH injuries in frontal impact, CAE methods and testing, and field modeling and assessment techniques.

This technical paper collection contains 20 papers presenting new technologies and research in the area of vehicle rear-end collision, rollover collision and lateral impacts. Papers may be related to analysis of crash compatibility, statistical data analysis, design of vehicle systems, biomechanics and dummy development. To see a listing of papers included in this special publication, click on the papers link below.

“Spotlight on Design” features video interviews and case study segments, focusing on the latest technology breakthroughs. Viewers are virtually taken to labs and research centers to learn how design engineers are enhancing product performance/reliability, reducing cost, improving quality, safety or environmental impact, and achieving regulatory compliance. In the episode “Composite Materials: Advanced Materials and Lightweighting” (30:20), Molded Fiber Glass Companies, known for its deep involvement in the creative development of the molded fiberglass process for the Corvette, demonstrates the manufacturing of sheet molded composite for fiberglass parts. Tanom Motors introduces the Tanom Invader, a blend between an automobile and a motorcycle made exclusively with composite materials. Finally, Euro-Composites demonstrates the manufacturing of honeycomb core material made out of aramid paper and phenolic resin used in aircraft structures.

TERBAN® hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) is a specialty elastomer used in demanding engineering applications such as the automotive, heavy duty, and industrial markets. It has excellent combination of heat, oil and abrasion resistance in addition to its high mechanical strength, very good dynamic and sealing properties. This paper will present data on aging HNBR for five thousand hours in an aggressive and un-stabilized B30A biodiesel fuel blend (70% ULSD, 30% SME, and an aggressive additive package) and explore the effect of HNBR polymer properties and vulcanizate composition on the performance in such fuel blends. Presenter Victor Nasreddine

Since 2006 Oak Ridge National Labs (ORNL) and the Pacific Northwest National Labs (PNNL) have conducted research of injection molded long glass fiber thermoplastic parts funded by U.S. DOE. At DOE's request, ACC's Plastics Division Automotive Team and USCAR formed a steering committee for the National Labs, whose purpose was to provide industry perspective, parts materials and guidance in processing. This ACC affiliation enabled the plastics industry to identify additional key research requirements necessary to the success of long glass fiber injection molded materials and their use in the real world. Through further cooperative agreements with Autodesk Moldflow and University of Illinois, a new process model to predict both fiber orientation distribution and fiber length distribution is now available. Mechanical property predictive tools were developed and Moldflow is integrating these models into their software.

The 23 papers in this technical paper collection address occupant protection with regards to rear impact, rollover, and side impact. Topics include: the effectiveness of curtain side air bags; side impact sensing calibration; door side impact countermeasure; off-road rollover dynamics; steer-induced rollovers; estimating variation in roof strength; occupant pocketing kinematics during whiplash assessments; rear occupant head restraint interaction in high-severity rear impact using BioRID and HIII; and more.

The 13 papers in this technical paper collection look at occupant protection in terms of structural crashworthiness and safety test methodology. Topics covered include: crash energy in vehicle-to-vehicle (VTV) impacts; plastic beams for automobile low-speed rear impact; evaluation of dynamic roof deformation in rollover crash tests; vehicle integrated non-intrusive monitoring of driver biological signals; and more.

The 19 papers in this technical paper collection cover innovative ideas to enhance automotive safety with improved material constitutive modeling; analysis methods; simulation and pre/post processing tools; optimization techniques; finite element model updating; model validation and verification techniques; restraint systems; and lightweight material applications and designs.

The 11 papers in this technical paper collection focus on Advanced Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Materials, Restraints, and Structures for Enhanced Automotive Safety and Weight Reduction. Topics covered include side crash pressure sensor prediction, passenger seat belt reminders, DP980 steels, and more. The 11 papers in this technical paper collection focus on Advanced Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Materials, Restraints, and Structures for Enhanced Automotive Safety and Weight Reduction. Topics covered include side crash pressure sensor prediction, passenger seat belt reminders, DP980 steels, and more.

The 22 papers in this technical paper collection discuss occupant safety, including rollover and side impact, safety test methodology, and structural crashworthiness. Topics covered included vehicle design, restraint systems design, crash test analysis, CAE simulations and statistical trends analysis, post-crash pedestrian kinematics, and more. The 23 papers in this technical paper collection discuss occupant safety, including rollover and side impact, safety test methodology, and structural crashworthiness. Topics covered included vehicle design, restraint systems design, crash test analysis, CAE simulations and statistical trends analysis, post-crash pedestrian kinematics, and more.

The 8 papers in this technical paper collection focus on occupant protection. Topics covered include headform impact tests, simulated injury monitors (SIMon), injury factors in vehicles in small-overlap frontal crashes, and more. The 7 papers in this technical paper collection focus on occupant protection. Topics covered include headform impact tests, simulated injury monitors (SIMon), injury factors in vehicles in small-overlap frontal crashes, and more.

This technical paper collection focuses on the latest research related to methods and techniques for reconstructing vehicular crashes involving wheeled and tracked vehicles, pedestrians, and roadside features. Emphasis is placed on experimental data and theoretical methods that will enable reconstructionists to identify, interpret and analyze physical evidence from vehicular crashes.

This technical paper collection focuses on the latest research related to methods and techniques for reconstructing vehicular crashes involving wheeled and tracked vehicles, pedestrians, and roadside features. Emphasis is placed on experimental data and theoretical methods that will enable reconstructionists to identify, interpret and analyze physical evidence from vehicular crashes

Recent field data have shown that the occupant protection in vehicle rear seats failed to keep pace with advances in the front seats likely due to the lack of advanced safety technologies. The objective of this study was to optimize advanced restraint systems for protecting rear seat occupants with a range of body sizes under different frontal crash pulses. Three series of sled tests (baseline tests, advanced restraint trial tests, and final tests), MADYMO model validations against a subset of the sled tests, and design optimizations using the validated models were conducted to investigate rear seat occupant protection with 4 Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) and 2 crash pulses.

Dynamic impact test represent various automotive collision conditions. The impact testing recommended practice is intended to recognize the capabilities of autonomous vehicles while at the same time recognizing the vehicle fleet into which they are introduced will consist of non-autonomous vehicles for a considerable period of time. The scope of the document is to cover the range of impact conditions expected taking into account the capabilities of the vehicle and the impact testing technology now available for performance evaluation including virtual and physical testing.

For over 30 years, field research and laboratory testing has consistently demonstrated that proper utilization of a seat belt dramatically reduces the risk of occupant death or serious injury in motor vehicle crashes. The injury prevention benefits of seat belts require that they remain fastened during collisions. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and SAE Recommended Practices set forth seat belt requirements to ensure proper buckle performance in accident conditions. Numerous analytical and laboratory studies have investigated buckle inertial release properties. Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that current buckle designs have inertial release thresholds well above those believed to occur in real-world crashes. Nevertheless, inertial release theories persist. Various conceptual amplification theories, coupled with high magnitude accelerations measured on vehicle frame components are used as support for these release theories.

This document provides recommended practices for impact testing of ground vehicle that are also aero-capable. The scope characterizes recommended impact testing taking into account the unique design characteristics involved in aero-capable ground vehicle

Digital human modeling allows for the evaluation of equipment designs before physically building and testing prototypes. This paper presents an example of how digital human modeling was used to perform biomechanical studies on four new designs for future infantry headwear systems. Range of Motion (ROM) and cervical spine forces and moments were compared using static and dynamic simulations in a virtual environment. Results confirmed that headwear system prototypes with optimal overall mass and Centre of Mass (CM) location, as determined by previous human subject trials, exerted the least amount of biomechanical loading. Facial protection was favorable when considering forces and moments in the cervical spine, however when considering ROM, the rigid prototype mandible guards used in this evaluation are not recommended. The shape of a more accommodating mandible guard was developed, and the option to remove facial protection for some tasks was recommended.