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This document outlines general requirements for the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods for aerodynamic simulation of mass-produced cars and light-duty trucks. The document provides guidance for aerodynamic simulation with CFD methods to support current vehicle characterization, vehicle development, vehicle concept development and vehicle component development. The guidelines presented in the document include Navier-Stokes and Lattice-Boltzmann based solvers.

Develop and document an aerodynamic constant speed procedure for heavy vehicles that can accurately calculate the aerodynamic performance through the typical expected yaw angles during operation at highway speeds.

This document establishes the requirements for technical content and format of hydraulic system diagrams. This document does not establish configuration requirements, material, or performance requirements for any system or component identified herein.

This SAE Standard applies to machines as defined in Appendix A. Some of these machines can travel on-highway, but function primarily off-highway.

This SAE Standard applies to machines as defined in Appendix A. Some of these machines can travel on-highway, but function primarily off-highway.

This SAE Standard applies to the usage of tires of the same nominal size and tread type, but with different outside diameter for articulated front-end loaders. Articulated four-wheel-drive front-end loader performance and component life can be affected by excessive differences in the tire outside circumference and/or diameter. The purpose is to provide specific guidelines for the usage of tires with different outside circumference and/or diameter on articulated front-end loaders.

This SAE Standard applies to the usage of tires of the same nominal size and tread type, but with different outside diameter for articulated front-end loaders. Articulated four-wheel-drive front-end loader performance and component life can be affected by excessive differences in the tire outside circumference and/or diameter. The purpose is to provide specific guidelines for the usage of tires with different outside circumference and/or diameter on articulated front-end loaders.

This recommended practice provides a procedure for measuring and documenting the aerodynamic performance in a full-scale wind tunnel of passenger vehicles, i.e., mass-produced cars and light-duty trucks intended primarily for individual consumers. Testing or numerical modeling of pre-production and/or reduced-scale models is outside the scope of this document. Aerodynamic development procedures, i.e., methods to improve or optimize aerodynamic performance, are also excluded. It is well-known that aerodynamic performance results depend significantly on vehicle content and loading, as well as the wind tunnel itself (type, scale, and simulation qualities of the wind tunnel). Publication of non-standard test results causes unnecessary additional development work and incorrect perception of a vehicle’s anticipated aerodynamic performance by government, academia, and the general public.

This SAE J2971 Recommended Practice describes a standard naming convention of aerodynamic devices and technologies used to control aerodynamic forces on truck and buses weighing more than 10000 pounds (including trailers).

This SAE J2971 Recommended Practice Truck and Bus Aerodynamic Device Terminology document describes a standard naming convention of aerodynamic devices and technologies used to control aerodynamic forces on truck and buses weighing more than 10,000 pounds (including trailers).

This SAE Standard applies to future designs of self-propelled, rubber-tired loaders, tractors, graders, backhoe loaders, tractor-scrapers, excavators, and dumpers as defined in SAE J1057 JUN81.

This recommended practice applies to newly manufactured off-highway dumpers and scrapers.

This document specifies the format, content and parameters for a product identification numbering system for off-road recreation vehicles, based on the PIN structure for earth-moving machinery in ISO 10261:2002E and is not applicable to the identification of components or attachments. This standard applies only to the off-road recreation vehicle industry and does not impose parameters for the marine, lawn and garden, silviculture, husbandry, construction or earth moving sectors.

This document provides an assessment of current engineering test and simulation standards and methods used to determine the fuel efficiency, freight efficiency and emissions of single-vehicle systems comprised primarily of on-road trucks and buses with GVWR of more than 10000 pounds (4535 kg). This document provides guidance on the applicability and use of each test and simulation standard, method and technology discussed for multi-vehicle systems.

The guidelines for operator and bystander protection in this recommended practice apply to towed, semimounted or mounted flail mowers and flail power rakes when powered by a propelling tractor or machine of at least 15 kw (20 hp), intended for marketing as industrial mowing equipment and designed for cutting grass and other growth in public use areas such as parks, cemeteries and along roadways and highways. The use of the word "industrial" is not to be confused with "in-plant industrial equipment". This document does not apply to: 1 Turf care equipment primarily designed for personal use, consumption or enjoyment of a consumer in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence. 2 Machines designed primarily for agricultural purposes but which may be used for industrial use. 3 Self powered or self propelled mowers or mowing machines. Where other standards are referenced, such reference applies only to the document identified, not revisions thereof.

The guidelines for operator and bystander protection in this recommended practice apply to towed, semimounted or mounted flail mowers and flail power rakes when powered by a propelling tractor or machine of at least 15 kw (20 hp), intended for marketing as industrial mowing equipment and designed for cutting grass and other growth in public use areas such as parks, cemeteries and along roadways and highways. The use of the word "industrial" is not to be confused with "in-plant industrial equipment". This document does not apply to: 1 Turf care equipment primarily designed for personal use, consumption or enjoyment of a consumer in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence. 2 Machines designed primarily for agricultural purposes but which may be used for industrial use. 3 Self powered or self propelled mowers or mowing machines. Where other standards are referenced, such reference applies only to the document identified, not revisions thereof.

In the main body of this recommendation, conditions are defined for measuring and recording whole body vibration of the seated operator of off-highway self-propelled work machines. The specification of instruments, analytic methods, and description of site and operating conditions allows the measurements to be made and reported with an acceptable precision. The procedure includes means of weighting the vibration level at different frequencies as specified in ISO 2631 (Ref. 1). A standard format for reporting spectral data is recommended. The definitions, instruments, and analytic methods also apply to simulated tests for operator vibration as performed in laboratories. This procedure is a measuring method only and is not intended for the evaluation or selection of seating systems.

This SAE Standard defines a method for the measurement of the whole body vibration to which the seated operator of off-highway self-propelled work machines is exposed while performing an actual or simulated operation. It applies to vibration transmitted to the operator through the seat. There are no equivalent ISO Standards.

This SAE Standard provides names of major components peculiar to rollers and compactors. Illustrations of components are not intended to be exactly descriptive of any particular machine. NOTE: Rollers and compactors will be defined in a section added to SAE J1057a.

This standard applies to the following off-road work machines of mass greater than 700 kg that are commonly used in earthmoving, construction, logging, and mining applications as identified in SAE J1116 JUN86 and designed for an on-board, seated operator: (a) Crawler tractors and loaders (See SAE J1057 JUN81 Sections 3.1 and 7.1 and SAE J727 JAN86 for description and nomenclature.) (b) Graders (See SAE J1057 JUN81 Section 6 and SAE J870 JUL84 for description and nomenclature.) (c) Wheel loaders, wheel tractors and their modifications used for rolling or compacting, dozer equipped wheel tractors, wheel log skidders, skid steer loaders, and backhoe loaders (See SAE J1057 JUN81 Sections 3.2, 7.2 and 9 for description and nomenclature.) (d) Wheel industrial tractors (See SAE J1092 JUN86 for description and nomenclature.)