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This standard applies to the following off-road work machines of mass greater than 700 kg that are commonly used in earthmoving, construction, logging, and mining applications as identified in SAE J1116 JUN86 and designed for an on-board, seated operator: (a) Crawler tractors and loaders (See SAE J1057 JUN81 Sections 3.1 and 7.1 and SAE J727 JAN86 for description and nomenclature.) (b) Graders (See SAE J1057 JUN81 Section 6 and SAE J870 JUL84 for description and nomenclature.) (c) Wheel loaders, wheel tractors and their modifications used for rolling or compacting, dozer equipped wheel tractors, wheel log skidders, skid steer loaders, and backhoe loaders (See SAE J1057 JUN81 Sections 3.2, 7.2 and 9 for description and nomenclature.) (d) Wheel industrial tractors (See SAE J1092 JUN86 for description and nomenclature.)

This standard applies to General Purpose Industrial Machines, as described in SAE J1116, which are equipped with Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS).

The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to provide concepts for rational selection and application of materials for Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) and Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) and to provide information about the properties that should be considered in selecting and utilizing material in protective structures. While other materials could conceivably be used successfully, this report is limited to a consideration of steel with discussion on its mechanical properties and processing characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the toughness aspect (ability to resist brittle fracture) as this property is of paramount importance to structure integrity. It is emphasized that specific values for material properties have relevance to performance only in conjunction with specific design considerations such as structure size or weld joint detail and location.

This SAE Standard applies to an overhead cover installed on a protective frame or enclosure conforming to SAE J2194 or alternately SAE J1194 and the following additional requirement of a drop test to verify the effectiveness of the overhead cover in protecting the operator from falling objects. The test procedures and performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data.

This SAE Standard applies to an overhead cover installed on a protective frame or enclosure conforming to SAE J2194 or alternately SAE J1194 and the following additional requirement of a drop test to verify the effectiveness of the overhead cover in protecting the operator from falling objects. The test procedures and performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data.

This SAE Standard applies to an overhead cover installed on a protective frame or enclosure conforming to SAE J2194 or alternately SAE J1194 and the following additional requirement of a drop test to verify the effectiveness of the overhead cover in protecting the operator from falling objects. The test procedures and performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data.

This Recommended Practice applies only to machines covered by SAE J1040c (ROPS). The evaluations are for resistance to localized penetration. The performance requirements, of a representative specimen within the manufacturer’s specifications, are based on the performance of experience proven structures under the laboratory evaluation procedure. It is intended that all portions of this Recommended Practice shall be reviewed and revised as additional knowledge of FOPS performance becomes available.

This SAE Recommended Practice applies only to excavators, as defined in SAE J/ISO 6165, working above ground, near an excavated or free standing bank or mine face which is higher than the top of the cab, or in demolition applications of free standing buildings or objects higher than the top of the cab.

The Deflection Limiting Volume (DLV) is shown in Fig. 1. It is an orthogonal approximation of a large operator in the normal seated position.

The Deflection Limiting Volume (DLV) is shown in Fig. 1. It is an orthogonal approximation of a large operator in the normal seated position.