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Main topics are the development and the build-up of an 18ton hybrid truck with a parallel hybrid drivetrain. With this truck it is possible to drive up to 3 kilometers in the pure electric driving mode. Presenter Andreas Eglseer, Engineering Center Steyr GmbH & Co. KG

The automotive industry continues to develop new powertrain technologies aimed at reducing overall vehicle level fuel consumption. This paper discusses the development of a new highly efficient parallel hybrid transmission for use in transversely installed powertrains for FWD applications. FEV is developing a new 7-speed hybrid transmission for transverse installation. The transmission with a design torque of 320 Nm is based on AMT (automated manual transmission) technology and uses a single electric motor. The innovative gearset layout combines the advantages of modern AMTs such as best efficiency, low costs and few components (reduced part count) with full hybrid capabilities and electric torque support during all gear shifts. Furthermore, the gear set layout allows for very short shift-times due to the favorable distribution of inertias. Other features include an A/C compressor being electrically driven by the electric motor of the transmission during engine start/stop phases.

Automakers, suppliers, public agencies, interest groups and others are increasingly embracing the environment as one of the dominant forces in the US automotive market. All parties have a strong vested interest in understanding how environmental concerns will influence design, production, marketing and usage of tomorrow�s vehicles. A common need of all parties is independent and actionable information to enable them to make better decisions and have the greatest chance of being successful in this uncertain future. Four factors - an uncertain economic climate; a constantly changing governmental regulatory system; advancements in powertrain technology; and ever-present environmental concerns - continue to shape the automotive landscape. While automakers are focused on developing alternative powertrains and alternative fuel options for an increasingly �green� vehicle market, J.D.

The first commercially available plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the General Motors (GM) Volt, was introduced into the market in mid-December 2010. The Volt uses a series-split powertrain architecture, which provides benefits over the series architecture that typically has been considered for use in electric-range extended vehicles (EREVs). A specialized EREV powertrain, called the Voltec, drives the Volt through its entire range of speed and acceleration with battery power alone and within the limit of battery energy, thereby displacing more fuel with electricity than a PHEV, which characteristically blends electric and engine power together during driving. This paper assesses the benefits and drawbacks of these two different plug-in hybrid electric architectures (series versus series-split) by comparing component sizes, system efficiency, and fuel consumption over urban and highway drive cycles.

In this project funded by the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung two fundamental investigations had been carried out: first a new N-rich liquid ammonia precursor solution based on guanidine salts had been completely characterized and secondly a new type of side-flow reactor for the controlled catalytic decomposition of aqueous NH3 precursor to ammonia gas has been designed, applied and tested in a 3 liter passenger car diesel engine. Guanidine salts came into the focus due to the fact of a high nitrogen-content derivate of urea (figure 1). Specially guanidinium formate has shown extraordinary solubility in water (more than 6 kg per 1 liter water at room temperature) and therefore a possible high ammonia potential per liter solution compared to the classical 32.5% aqueous urea solution (AUS32) standardized in ISO 22241 and known as DEF (diesel emission fluid), ARLA32 or AdBlue®. Additionally a guanidine based formulation could be realized with high freezing stability down to almost ?30 °C (?

The Aircraft Interiors subscription addresses the specialized needs and mechanical requirements for aircraft cabin interior design. The application of these standards will aid in the efficient and cost-effective manufacture of quality aircraft components. The standards in this resource include: Glossary of Technical and Physiological Terms Related to Aerospace Oxygen Systems Flight Deck Layout and Facilities Numeral, Letter and Symbol Dimensions for Aircraft Instrument Displays Oxygen Equipment for Aircraft Human Interface Design Methodology for Integrated Display Symbology

This technical paper collection contains 23 papers covering the latest advancements in climate control.

The 16 papers in this technical paper collection covers recent advances such as energy efficient rear defog, CO2 modeling, suction pressure drop, IHX optimization, and innovative airflow control.

This technical paper collection focuses on current developments in the fields of vehicle fire science, statistics, risks, assessment and mitigation. Papers addressing vehicle design, live-fire tests and fire investigation issues applicable to traditional, electric and alternatively fueled vehicles are included.

Climate control is a defining vehicle attribute and is associated with brand image. Thermal performance and quality of climate control are both critical to customer satisfaction. The system has strong design interaction with other vehicle systems, while its primary objective is to deliver thermal comfort and occupant safety with low energy consumption. Localized Comfort, Secondary Fluids, Air Quality, Controls, System Sizing and HVAC consumer interface are just a few of the recent advances.

Climate control is a defining vehicle attribute and is associated with brand image. Thermal performance is critical to customer satisfaction. The primary objective is to deliver occupant safety and thermal comfort at minimum energy consumption, yet the system has strong design interaction with other vehicle systems. Noise, Air Quality, and Energy ace are just a few of the recent advances.

Climate control is a defining vehicle attribute and is associated with brand image. Thermal performance is critical to customer satisfaction. The primary objective is to deliver occupant safety and thermal comfort at minimum energy consumption, yet the system has strong design interaction with other vehicle systems. Noise, Air Quality, and Energy ace are just a few of the recent advances.

Abstract The objective of this work is to develop an integrated HVAC-VEHICLE model for climate control studies. A published lumped parameter based HVAC model has been used as the framework for the HVAC modeling with some modifications to realize the climate control and to improve the robustness of the model. R134a (1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane) has been used as the refrigerant fluid in this study. The stand-alone HVAC model has been compared qualitatively with the experimental works available in the literature. The experimental trends of the thermodynamic and performance related parameters of HVAC are reasonably well captured by the HVAC model. In particular, Coefficient of Performance (CoP) was found to decrease with increase in compressor speed and increase in ambient temperature but increase with increase in evaporator blower mass flow rate.

Abstract To reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from mobile air conditioning (A/C) systems, “U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards” identified solar/thermal technologies such as solar control glazings, solar reflective paint, and active and passive cabin ventilation in an off-cycle credit menu. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) researchers developed a sophisticated analysis process to calculate U.S. light-duty A/C fuel use that was used to assess the impact of these technologies, leveraging thermal and vehicle simulation analysis tools developed under previous U.S. Department of Energy projects. Representative U.S. light-duty driving behaviors and weighting factors including time-of-day of travel, trip duration, and time between trips were characterized and integrated into the analysis.

Abstract Windshield deicing performance is a key metric for HVAC system development and optimization within the sphere of commercial vehicle design. The primary physical parameters that drive this metric are pressure drops in the HVAC ducting, flow rate of the air through the system, and the transient vent temperature rise affected by engine coolant warm-up. However, many design engineers also have to take underhood and instrument panel (IP) space constraints into consideration while trying to optimize a new HVAC system design. This study leverages historical deicing simulation methodologies in conjunction with modern computational horsepower so as to optimize the HVAC ductwork in the studied commercial truck at the beginning of the design phase. By iterating on a design in the computational domain under steady-state and transient flow and thermal conditions, a robust HVAC system design can be created even prior to the prototyping stage of development.

Abstract Vehicle cabin air quality depends on various parameters such as number of passengers, fan speed, and vehicle speed. In addition to controlling the temperature inside the vehicle, HVAC control system has evolved to improve cabin air quality as well. However, there is no standard test method to ensure reliable and repeatable comparison among different cars. The current study defined Cabin Air Quality Index (CAQI) and proposed a test method to determine CAQI. CAQIparticles showed dependence on the choice of metrics among particle number (PN), particle surface area (PS), and particle mass (PM). CAQIparticles is less than 1 while CAQICO2 is larger than 1. The proposed test method is promising but needs further improvement for smaller coefficient of variations (COVs).

Abstract The use of Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) cutting technology can improve the edge stretchability in sheet metal forming. The advances in technology have allowed significant increases in working speeds and pressures, reducing the AWJ operation cost. The main objective of this work was to determine the effect of selected AWJ cutting parameters on the Hole Expansion Ratio (HER) for a DP800 (Dual-Phase) Advanced High-Strength Steel (AHSS) with s0 = 1.2 mm by using a fractional factorial design of experiments for the Hole Expansion Tests (HET). Additionally, the surface roughness and residual stresses were measured on the holes looking for a possible relation between them and the measured HER. A deep drawing quality steel DC06 with s0 = 1.0 mm was used for reference. The fracture occurrence was captured by high-speed cameras and by Acoustic Emissions (AE) in order to compare both methods.

Abstract The most important and most easily damaged part of a revolving vane (RV) compressor is the vane. The friction loss of the vane determines the service life and maintenance cost of the RV compressor to a certain extent. To improve the efficiency and prolong the service life of the RV compressor, it is of great significance to analyze the dynamics of the vane and reduce the friction loss of the vane. In this article, a scheme is proposed to reduce the friction at the vane’s sides for the RV compressor. In the proposed scheme, the force acting on the vane tip due to the cylinder inertia is eliminated by driving the rotor and cylinder externally and separately; thus the friction loss at the vane’s sides is reduced. Calculations show that eliminating the effect of cylinder inertia can reduce the friction loss at the vane’s sides from 44.9 W to 24.7 W.

Create a method/procedure to measure build up and concentration of CO2 in the passenger compartment.

This SAE Standard applies to equipment to be used to recovery R-152a refrigerant only. Refrigerant recovery equipment is required to ensure adequate refrigerant recovery to reduce emissions and provide safe and accurate service of the AC system. Equipment shall be certified to meet all performance requirements outlined in this document.