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A wide investigation on powered two-wheelers (PTWs) is presented, aiming at the analysis of the influence of the driving characteristics on PTWs exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, a deeper comprehension of the engine and after-treatment system behavior within the cold start transient and the evaluation of cold start additional emissions for different two-wheelers classes. The study was developed with reference to an European context focusing on Euro 3 motorcycles and Euro 2 mopeds. An experimental investigation on instantaneous speed measurements was carried out with instrumented motorcycles, considering typical urban trips in the city of Genoa. A selection of speed profiles was then performed by processing experimental values.

Nowadays, real-world emissions and consumption behaviour of Light Duty (LDV) and Heavy Duty (HDV) vehicles are key factors in achieving greenhouse gas (GHG) targets. With the introduction of EURO VI in 2013 there were already low emission levels and real fuel consumption of new HDV vehicles. Furthermore, the available public literature regarding fuel consumption of European HDV vehicles is not very extensive. Hence, the development of an experimental activity related to HDVs real consumption measurement and the subsequent data analysis can be considered in this field. To this end, the fuel consumption data of four rear-loader garbage Diesel trucks, managed by a multiservice company in the Southern Italy, were collected during real use. Vehicles in pairs have different technical characteristics (i.e. engine capacity and maximum load capacity of the garbage).

Regulated and some unregulated emissions of a medium size non catalyst vehicle obtained with different formulations of unleaded fuels have been measured. Among the unregulated pollutants, 1-3 butadiene, benzene, toluene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been considered because of their toxicological hazards [ 1 ]. The emission levels have been compared with the ones obtained in similar conditions using a leaded reference fuel. Cold start Europe cycle and two not standard cycles have been used as basis of comparison for pollutants measurements. The effect of a three way catalytic system, fitted on the same vehicle, on regulated and unregulated emissions has been also studied, evaluating the conversion efficiency for the different pollutants. The same fuels have been tested in the same driving conditions on a small size passenger car too, equipped by the factory with catalyst and closed loop control system.