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Technical Paper

Emissions, Performance, and Duty Cycle Measurements of Diesel Powered TRUs

2007-04-16
2007-01-1087
In recent years emission control agencies have turned their attention to to the cleanup of diesel engines, both mobile and stationary. This paper is one of the first attempts to characterize the load and emissions of a subsection of stationary diesel emissions, specifically Truck/Trailer Refrigeration Units (TRUs). These devices are used to keep refrigerated or frozen cargo cold when it is being shipped/delivered. Two general sizes of TRUs were tested, smaller TRUs for cooling box trucks, used for local deliveries, and large TRUs, used for long hauling and very large deliveries. After observing a matrix of these units over a large spectrum of temperatures it was found that, although there were multiple control strategies, they all heavily relied on pulling the trailer down to the set point temperature as fast as the engine and refrigeration unit would allow.
Technical Paper

Dynamometer Testing of a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Equipped with a Urea-SCR System

2001-03-05
2001-01-0516
As part of a California Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) system demonstration and evaluation project [13], the authors and their industrial partners have conducted engine dynamometer emissions tests of SCR systems. The transient Federal Test Procedure (FTP) cycle and 13 Mode European Stationary Cycle (ESC) were conducted using certification diesel fuel with 300-500 ppm of sulfur. This paper reviews the performance of the first system to meet the goal of attaining 1 g/bhp-hr NOx emissions in the transient FTP cycle on a 1999 DDC Series 60 engine that has an initial 4 g/bhp-hr level. This paper discusses key characteristics of a typical automotive SCR system and then presents the results and analysis of the engine dynamometer emission testing of a SCR system. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges involved in on-road operation of the system.
Technical Paper

Emisssions from Hydrogen Enriched CNG Production Engines

2002-10-21
2002-01-2687
In the immediate future the introduction of a wider variety of fuel types will play a significant role in reducing emissions and in solving the energy needs of the transportation industry. Both compressed natural gas, CNG, and hydrogen are expected to play very large roles, and the present paper shows that these fuels, when used together, can offer large benefits in NOx emissions. Significant reductions in NOx emissions will be required for CNG transit buses and heavy duty trucks, if they are to meet the future stringent emissions standards that come into effect in the year 2007. In the present paper a detailed engine model was used to understand and predict the results from engine dynamometer tests from a production automotive engine over a range of hydrogen/CNG gas fuel mixtures.
Technical Paper

Demonstration of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell as an Auxiliary Power Source for Heavy Trucks

2000-12-04
2000-01-3488
Class 8 trucks idling consume significant amounts of diesel fuel each year in North America and abroad. Engine idling occurs to power sleeper compartment accessories (air conditioners, refrigerators, televisions), and to avoid start-up problems. The alternative power sources available to reduce the need for idling (i.e. battery packs, auxiliary generators, direct-fired heaters, absorption coolers) all have severe economic and technical drawbacks that have limited their market acceptance. Freightliner Corporation, in conjunction with its development partner XCELLSiS Corp. has constructed a fully functioning concept demonstration vehicle that utilizes Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology in an auxiliary power unit (FC APU). While fuel cell powertrains continue to face significant technical and economic barriers, with additional development truck auxiliary power applications may offer a viable near-term market for small (1 - 5 kW) fuel cells.
Technical Paper

Urea-SCR System Demonstration and Evaluation for Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks

1999-11-15
1999-01-3722
The Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Davis (ITS-Davis) has brought together a group of public and industrial partners to demonstrate and evaluate the Siemens-Westinghouse Urea-Selective Catalyst Reduction System (SINOx™). The SINOx System has the potential to generate major reductions in nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the volatile organic fraction (VOF) of particulate (PM) from heavy-duty diesel engines, without increasing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This demonstration began with engine bench testing at Detroit Diesel Corporation to calibrate the system to attain 1 g/bhp-hr NOx emissions in the transient portion of the US-FTP on a 1999 Series 60 engine that has a 4 g/bhp-hr emission level. The second phase of the project entails an on-highway demonstration of a set of ten, Freightliner Class 8 heavy-duty diesel vehicles. These vehicles are part of the Valley Material Transport fleet based in French Camp, California.
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