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During vehicle collision testing an accurate measure of the pre- and post-impact vehicle dynamics is necessary for analytical purposes. Sensors typically used for measuring vehicle speed change in low-speed collisions include 5th wheels, high-speed video, bumper-mounted load cells, and accelerometers. The method used is often based on equipment availability, the involved vehicles, and the type of tests being performed. The purpose of this paper was to quantify the relative accuracy of these four methods in aligned low-speed rear-end collisions. Data from 73 such collisions (clustered in two groups at target vehicle speed changes of 4 and 8 km/h) showed that all four instruments yielded statistically similar results for a target vehicle speed change of about 4 km/h, and that data derived from the 5th wheel and high-speed video were different than data from the other two sensors at the 8 km/h level.

The purpose of this paper was to compare the damage to pickup truck bumpers produced by vehicle-to-barrier and vehicle-to-vehicle collisions of a similar severity, in order to determine whether vehicle-to-barrier tests can serve as surrogates for vehicle-to-vehicle tests in accident reconstruction. Impact tests were conducted on the front and rear bumpers of five pickup trucks. Each truck was subjected to an impact with a fixed barrier and with a passenger vehicle. All impacts resulted in pickup truck speed changes of about 8 km/h. Damage produced in the barrier and vehicle-to-vehicle collisions was similar if both collisions resulted in bumper mount damage on the pickup truck. If there was no bumper mount damage, then the bumper beam deformation depended on the shape of the impactor.