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The finite element method (FEM) can be used as an analysis tool in automotive electromagnetic engineering and recently new technologies such as Domain Decomposition Method (DDM) were employed to simulate very large field structures such as a whole vehicle. A FEM solver offers numerous advantages over other numerical methods, such as method of moments (MoM) and finite difference time domain (FDTD), because it has the ability to handle complex heterogeneous and anisotropic materials which is often used inside vehicles, also providing a very precise representation of complex geometries via high order tetrahedral elements. Nevertheless, for large field problems such as the scenario of the ISO 11451-2 where an antenna radiates a vehicle in an anechoic chamber, FEM solvers requires an interface between an infinite domain to a finite domain through the use of radiating boundary conditions on artificial truncation surfaces. This causes the solver to model a great quantity of air regio.

Automotive radar and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) technology are currently being developed focusing in the safety of the drivers and passengers. The U.S. Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NTHSA) announced that it is going to create a formal path forward for vehicle-to-vehicle communication for light vehicles meaning that NTHSA will start regulatory proposals on how this technology could become mandatory in the future. Automotive short-range radar (SRR) uses the electromagnetic field distribution around a vehicle including reflection from other objects to detect obstacles. If the vehicle is moving the radars can warn the driver to possible impacts and even automatically trigger safety devices such as seat belts or air bags. One of the biggest challenges on the design of SRR is the high frequency of operation which makes it difficult the use numerical simulation due to the small wavelength, leading to electrical large models.