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Guidance on the Impact of Fuel Properties on Fuel System Design and Operation

2018-02-24
CURRENT
AIR7484
This document describes a number of jet fuel properties and where applicable gives the specification limits for Jet A and Jet A-1, though the properties are generally applicable to all turbine fuels. Later versions of this document will give more details on specification limits for other similar fuels, such as TS-1, where they differ from Jet A and Jet-A1. It gives details about the possible impact on airframe fuel system design.
Standard

Capacitive Fuel Gauging System Accuracies

2021-04-23
CURRENT
AIR1184B
This report is intended to identify the various errors typically encountered in capacitance fuel quantity measurement systems. In addition to identification of error sources, it describes the basic factors which cause the errors. When coupled with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the errors, this knowledge will furnish a tool with which to optimize gauging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the optimum overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of fuel measurement accuracy using capacitance based sensing is quite complex, no attempt is made herein to present a fully-comprehensive evaluation of all factors affecting gauging system accuracy. Rather, the major contributors to gauging system inaccuracy are discussed and emphasis is given to simplicity and clarity, somewhat at the expense of completeness. An overview of capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691.
Standard

CAPACITIVE FUEL GAUGING SYSTEM ACCURACIES

2007-12-04
HISTORICAL
AIR1184A
This report is intended to identify the necessary analytical tools to enable making value judgments for minimizing the various errors typically encountered in capacitance systems. Thus, in addition to identification of error sources, it describes the basic factors which cause the errors. When coupled with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the errors, this knowledge will furnish a tool with which to optimize gauging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the optimum overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of capacitance accuracy is quite complex, no attempt is made herein to present a fully-comprehensive evaluation of all factors affecting gauging system accuracy. Rather, the major contributors to gauging system inaccuracy are discussed and emphasis is given to simplicity and clarity, somewhat at the expense of completeness. An overview of Capacitive Fuel Gauging operation is provided in the Appendix.
Standard

Aircraft Flexible Tanks General Design and Installation Recommendations

2019-05-07
CURRENT
AIR1664A
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) includes general information about the various types and styles of flexible tanks and the tank-mounted fittings that adapt the tank to the surrounding structure and fluid-system plumbing. Recommendations are given relative to the dimensional layout of the tank when these recommendations serve to avoid tank fabrication problems and tank/structure interface problems. As a part of these recommendations, critical dimensions of plumbing adapter fittings are discussed and recommendations made. Tank manufacturing tolerances are given. Recommendations are made relative to cavity design and preparation to facilitate a reliable installation. The special installation requirements of nonself-sealing, self-sealing, and crash-resistant tanks are discussed. This document is not intended to replace the information or requirements of the military and commercial procurement specifications listed in Section 2.
Standard

AIRCRAFT FLEXIBLE TANKS GENERAL DESIGN AND INSTALLATION RECOMMENDATIONS

1994-09-01
HISTORICAL
AIR1664
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) includes general information about the various types and styles of flexible tanks and the tank-mounted fittings that adapt the tank to the surrounding structure and fluid-system plumbing. Recommendations are given relative to the dimensional layout of the tank when these recommendations serve to avoid tank fabrication problems and tank/structure interface problems. As a part of these recommendations, critical dimensions of plumbing adapter fittings are discussed and recommendations made. Tank manufacturing tolerances are given. Recommendations are made relative to cavity design and preparation to facilitate a reliable installation. The special installation requirements of non-self-sealing, self-sealing, and crash-resistant tanks are discussed. This document is not intended to replace the information or requirements of the military and commercial procurement specifications listed in section 3.
Standard

Aerospace Fuel System Specifications and Standards

2007-12-04
HISTORICAL
AIR1408A
This report lists documents that aid and govern the design of gas turbine powered aircraft and missile fuel systems. The report lists the military and industry specifications and standards and the most notable design handbooks that are commonly used in fuel system design. The specifications and standards section has been divided into two parts, a master list arranged numerically of all industry and military specifications and standards and a component list that provides a functional breakdown and a cross-reference of these documents. It is intended that this report be a supplement to specifications MIL-F-8615, MIL-F-17874, MIL-F-38363 and MIL-F-87154. Revisions and amendments which are correct for the specifications and standards are not listed. The fuel system design handbooks are listed for fuels and for system and component design.
Standard

Aerospace Fuel System Specifications and Standards

2019-05-24
CURRENT
AIR1408B
This report lists documents that aid and govern the design of aircraft and missile fuel systems. The report lists the military and industry specifications and standards and the most notable design handbooks that are commonly used in fuel system design. Note that only the principle fuel specifications for the U.S. and Europe (Military Specifications, ASTM, and Def Stan) have been included within this report. The specifications and standards section has been divided into two parts: a master list arranged numerically of all industry and military specifications and standards, and a component list that provides a functional breakdown and a cross-reference of these documents. It is intended that this report be a supplement to specifications ARP8615, MIL-F-17874, and JSSG 2009. Revisions and amendments which are correct for the specifications and standards are not listed. The fuel system design handbooks are listed for fuels and for system and component design.
Standard

Fuel Level Point Sensing

2020-11-30
CURRENT
AIR6325
This report is intended to identify the various existing technologies used for a fuel level sensing system. In addition to sensing technologies, it describes the basic architecture of fuel level sensing systems and their association with fuel gauging system to increase integrity of fuel measurement and management. As the fuel level sensing system is generally based on electrical components within fuel tanks, a specific focus is made on fuel tank explosion safety protection. An overview of the capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691.
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