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The application of biodiesel fuel (BDF) to diesel engines is very effective at reducing CO2 emissions, because biodiesel is considered to be carbon neutral in principle. Gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel, a synthetic fuel, is expected to reduce emissions from diesel engines. This study focused on the effects of driving conditions and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and GTL blended fuel on emissions from diesel engines/vehicles meeting Japan's new short-term regulations, or '03 regulations. FAME including rape methyl ester (RME), palm oil methyl ester (PME) and soybean methyl ester (SME) were studied. Major technologies for emissions reduction may include common-rail high-pressure fuel injection system, cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF).

The study of 10% ethanol blended gasoline (E10 gasoline) utilization has been conducted in the Japan Auto-Oil Program (JATOP). In order to clarify the impact of E10 gasoline on vehicle performances, exhaust emissions, evaporative emissions, driveability and material compatibility have been investigated by using domestic gasoline vehicles including mini motor vehicles which are particular to Japan. The test results reveal that E10 gasoline has no impact on exhaust emissions, engine startup time and acceleration period under the hot start condition, but a slight deterioration is observed in some test cases under the cold start condition using E10 gasolines with 50% distillation temperature (T50) level set to the upper limit of Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) K 2202. Regarding evaporative emissions, the tested vehicles shows no remarkable increase in the hot soak loss (HSL), diurnal breathing loss (DBL) and running loss (RL) testing with E10 gasolines.