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Under the present effort to decrease of air pollution, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are appeared and developed. EVs are running by using electrical energy resource by supporting of battery packs. The effect of air-conditioning has proven to be a serious problem to the point of battery depleting. Thus in the present study, effects of air conditioning (i.e., cooling and heating) on driving range were studied for various driving modes including UDDS, HWFET, and NEDC. The result shows that EV energy efficiency is opposing the usual trend of internal combustion engine vehicle's fuel consumption in highway driving mode than urban driving mode. In highway mode, EV energy efficiency and driving range also decease than urban driving mode. This status was influenced on motor characteristic which torque decrease in high speed rotating conditions and highway driving mode consist of constant speed velocity so it couldn't use the regenerative braking system effectively.

In this paper we present the concept of green routing or eco routing and how one would implement this using attributes defined in real time traffic information and digital road map. The routing referred to this paper applies mainly to road networks where one wants to get from point A to point B by minimizing the fuel consumed in a vehicle. The new model of speed profile prediction which yields stop and go speed at the start, end and zero of the acceleration under sub-node and link conditions is described. The results for the lowest fuel consumption show about 8.5% of simulated routes and 5% (9%) of vehicle test routes saving in fuel, when compared to that for the existing route planning course (recommended and short distance route), even traveling time about 10% longer time. These results clearly show prediction accuracy of fuel consumption between modeling and measurement is below the average about 12%.

This paper describes the effects of two stage combustion strategy on the engine performance and the exhaust emission characteristics in a compression ignition engine. The two-stage combustion strategy targets reduction of NOx emissions by decreasing oxygen concentration for second stage combustion. Thus, the first injection was provided in order to consume in-cylinder oxygen, rather than generate power. A multi-dimensional CFD code was utilized to predict engine performance and emission characteristics. For the accurate and efficient computational calculation of ignition and combustion characteristics of diesel fuel, the reduced n-heptane mechanism was used in this study. The calculation for two-stage combustion was performed after validating against the experimental result. The KH-RT breakup model and gas-jet model was applied for the prediction of spray behavior and characteristics. To calculate the ignition and combustion process, CHEMKIN II [1] code was used.