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The proposed Euro 7 emission standard foresees that the emission behaviour of Euro 7 vehicles is monitored via an on-board monitoring (OBM) system. In Euro 7 vehicles, OBM systems will monitor the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX), ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (PM) for every trip through a combination of measured and modelled data. Sensors employed to support on-board diagnostics (OBD) in current vehicles may be used to support OBM. According to the Euro 7 OBM concept presented in this paper, OBM will serve a dual purpose: the first is to warn the user of a vehicle about the need to perform repairs on the engine or the pollution control systems when these are needed. If these repairs are not performed in a timely manner, the OBM system will be able to ultimately prevent engine restart, akin to the existing low-reagent driver warning system in some compression ignition vehicles. The second purpose of OBM is to monitor the compliance of vehicle types with the emission limits.