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The fracture of the retainer leads to the failure of the needle rolling bearings in a planetary gear train of a planetary gearbox. In order to solve this engineering problem, the kinematics and kinetics of the failed needle rolling bearings is analyzed with the analytical model and the numerical model. A simple mathematical model is pointed out to analyze the dynamic load of a needle rolling element in the failed bearings. The assembling position of the small sun gear is also found to influence the performance of the needle rolling bearings significantly and therefore a best scheme for modifying the structure of the planetary gearbox is pointed out based on the multi-object optimization theory to reduce the bearing load heavily. Based on the calculated work, a systematic method of choosing the proper bearings for planetary gearbox can be concluded.

For the ice protection of the engine air induction part manufactured with low thermal conductivity composite material, the combined heating method using interior impingement and exterior air film has certain advantages. To study the influence of the external jet air film on the impingement characteristics of droplets, the numerical simulation method of three dimensional water droplet impingement based on Eulerian method was developed and verified by experimental data from references. The droplets impingement characteristics under three different blowing ratios and two different velocities were then investigated based on the configuration of 3D cylinder with two parallel jet holes.

Most tractor-semitrailers are fitted with multi-axle trailers which cannot be actively steered, and such vehicles with an articulated configuration are inclined to exhibit instability such as trailer swing, jack-knifing, and rollover at high speed. Proposed in this paper is an optimal control of the yaw stability of tractor-semitrailers at high speed by applying an active trailer's steering angle. An optimal control algorithm is designed by employing a 3-DOF vehicle model in the yaw plane. The optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR) approach is used with a cost function including sideslip angles, yaw rates of both tractor and trailer, and trailer's steering angle. The yaw stability at the high speed is also quantified by the dynamic performance measurements of lateral path deviation, hitch angle and rearward amplification (RA). The algorithm is evaluated by co-simulations using TruckSim and Matlab/Simulink softwares.

Ice protection is important for aero-engine induction system, such as the inlet vanes. For the ice protection of such parts manufactured with low thermal conductivity polymer-based composite material, the combined heating method using interior jet impingement and exterior ejection film has certain advantages. The simulation model coupling CFD with solid heat conduction was developed and solved with the anisotropic thermal conductivities model to investigate the heat transfer enhancement in the stagnation region of aero-engine inlet vanes due to ejection slot and anisotropic heat conduction, which is related to the curved geometry, ejection slots and anisotropic heat conduction. The temperature distribution and heat flux ratio between the stagnation region on outside surface and the impingement region inside were calculated and analyzed for the configuration with different ejection angle and different materials.

This paper proposes an intelligent car testing and evaluation method based on digital twins, which is crucial for ensuring the proper functioning of autonomous driving systems. This method utilizes digital twin testing technology to effectively map and integrate real vehicles in real-world testing scenarios with virtual test environments. By enriching the testing and validation environment for smart cars, this approach improves testing efficiency and reduces costs. This study connects real test vehicles with simulation software testing toolchains to build a digital twin autonomous driving testing platform. This platform facilitates the validation, testing, and evaluation of functional algorithms, and case study is conducted through testing and validation of an emergency collision avoidance system. By rapidly applying digital twin testing and evaluation techniques for intelligent cars, this approach accelerates the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles.

An improved anti-icing design with film heating ejection slot and cover for the inlet part of aero-engine was brought out, which combines the interior jet impingement with the exterior hot air film heating and shows promising application for those parts manufactured with composite materials. A hybrid method based on the combination of the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed to optimize the anti-icing design for a typical aero-engine inlet vane in two dimensions. The optimization aims to maximize the heating performance of the hot air film, which is assessed by the heating effectiveness. The film-heating ejection angle and the cover opening angle are the two geometric variables to be optimized. Numerical model was established and validated to generate training and testing samples for BPNN, which was used to predict the objective function and find the optimal design variables in conjunction with the GA.