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In recent years the regulations governing emissions from automobiles have been strengthened as awareness of global environmental problems has increased. Furthermore, the amount of precious metals being used has continued to decrease due to concerns over the exhaustion of natural resources and worries about the risk of fluctuations in the price of these precious metals. As a result, a high performance three-way catalyst that can satisfy the emissions regulations is now required. By applying zone-coating and carrier degradation control technology, a high performance three-way catalyst has been developed. The zone-coating technology improves the conversion performance of the catalyst through improvement of HC and NOx conversion reactions and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) reactions. The addition of an Nd surface-enriched layer strengthened the mutual interactions between the carrier and Rh.

With emission regulations getting tighter and tighter, catalysts will need to be active at ever lower temperatures in order to meet future standards. To meet this need, automotive catalysts are being installed closer to the engine so as to be active immediately after start-up. In this location, catalysts must have high temperature durability. In this paper, we examined a heat-resistant support material, “hexa-aluminate”, for possible use in future automotive catalysts. Catalytic activity of hexa-aluminate was more better than La added γ - alumina after redox treatment in model gas and after engine aging. Since hexa-aluminate had the excellent thermal durability, and Pd, which are supported on it, maintains finer particles than those on La added γ-alumina. We suggest that hexa-aluminate is a effective support material for automotive catalysts. More specifically, hexa-aluminate is expected to be a key technology for meeting the stringent emission standards of the future.

In regard to small utility engines used in lawn and garden equipment and other commercial or industrial equipment, exhaust emission regulations have been implemented since 1995 in USA. In the State of California, USA, California Air Resources Board (CARB) Tier 2 emission regulations became effective from 2000. At this stage, the handheld engines are almost two-stroke engines, but this Tier 2 emission regulations are very stringent for HC emissions. In addition, the handheld engines are small, and so they do not have enough muffler volume to be equipped with larger catalysts. This paper describes the newly developed catalyst for two-stroke small engines, which is compact and excellent in HC conversion, to meet above requirements.