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The past efforts to develop aluminum alloy engine parts were focused on the formulation of chemical composition rather than the heat treatment conditions of aluminum alloys. Only a few studies have been made on optimizing heat treatment conditions. This paper deals with the effects of artificial aging on two aluminum alloys, A356 and A319, which have been often used for engine cylinder heads. The aluminum alloys were artificially aged under several different conditions after T6 heat treatment. The alloys were tested for such mechanical properties as pure tension, cyclic loading resistance and thermo-mechanical fatigue failure. The microstructure was observed by TEM to see the effects on microstructure in terms of mechanical properties.