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The Advanced Land Observing Satellite “DAICHI” (ALOS) is the latest Japanese 4-ton class earth observing platform launched on January 24, 2006. The primary mission of DAICHI is obtaining enormous amount of data for global topographic maps and emergency disaster observation. It is equipped with three remote sensing instruments; the stereo mapping panchromatic imager, the multi-spectral radiometer and the L-band synthetic aperture radar. The thermal control of the DAICHI employed new technologies enabling highly accurate earth observation and gigabit per second mission data handling. A combination of passive and active control techniques stabilizes orbital temperature variation of the truss structure and a large optical bench for observing instruments within less than a couple of degree C. The bus structure is entirely made of low CTE and high thermal conductive pitch-based CFRP instead of conventional aluminum alloy.