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A numerical study was carried out to determine the relative impact of diesel engine after-treatment system placement on engine performance. The objective of the study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of placing the after-treatment system upstream of the turbocharger as opposed to the more conventional downstream location. The study was conducted under both steady state and transient operating conditions. The after-treatment system involved in this study consisted of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) followed by a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) directly downstream of the former. The DOC and DPF models were correlated with experimentally-obtained, individual, pressure drop and warm-up data sets for each device. In an additional step for transient studies, chemical reactions were modeled within the DOC to simulate HC and CO oxidation, and their associated exothermic behavior.