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The cooling system with two fans is generally driven by electrical motors in the small cars. Compared with the traditional cars, heavy duty trucks have the larger heat dissipation power of cooling system. The motors power consumption of dual fans will be larger and the two electrical motors will occupy a large space in the engine cabin. Hydrostatic drive refers to the cooling fan is driven by hydraulic motor, but it has the low transmission efficiency. According to the engine water temperature value and the actual working status of the hydraulic system, the actual speed of cooling fan can be controlled by the computer, which guarantees the normal working water temperature of the engine. Hydrostatic drive is generally applied to heavy vehicles, engineering machinery and excavators as driving source of cooling fan which contains the advantages of large output power, overload protection, continuous speed regulation and flexible space arrangements.

To face the challenges of CO2 emission and automated driving, the electrical distribution system (EDS), as the basis of all electronic loads, needs to be continuously changed. Traditional bussed electrical center (BEC) has limited functions such as simple switch and fuse protection, while the full semiconductor solution of smart BEC can provide more accurate diagnosis, faster response, higher reliability with lower power loss and smaller space. This paper will introduce the practical function of the smart BEC: in normal operation of the car, the voltage and current of the loads can be detected by the smart BEC. Once in abnormal, immediate feedback will be transferred from smart BEC to the whole system and a related response will be triggered in time, while the cost of power harness can also be optimized. In parking mode, the quiescent current of the loads from KL30 can be detected by smart BEC, which could prevent against leakage.

Stochastic pre-ignition (SPI) has been commonly observed in turbocharged spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) engines at low-speed and high-load conditions, which causes extremely high cylinder pressures that can damage an engine immediately or degrade the engine life. The compositions and properties of fuels and lubricants have shown a strong impact on SPI frequency. This study experimentally evaluated SPI behaviors on a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder turbocharged SIDI engine with China V market fuel and China fuel blended to US Tier II fuel specifications. China V market fuel showed significantly higher SPI frequency and severity than China blended US Tier II fuel, which was attributed to its lower volatility between 100 °C to 150 °C (or lower T60 to T90 in the distillation curve). Two different formulations of lubricant oils were also tested and their impact on SPI were compared.